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As temperatures soar during the hot summer months, staying properly hydrated becomes crucial to avoid heat-related illnesses like heat exhaustion and heat stroke. While drinking fluids is essential, you can also boost your hydration levels by eating the best foods for summer. Certain good summer foods have high water content and provide essential nutrients to help your body cope with the heat. In this article, we'll explore the top 10 best foods for summer heat and share tips on how to incorporate them into your diet. We'll also discuss which foods to avoid and answer common questions about staying hydrated in summer. Best foods to eat in summer Certain fruits and vegetables have high water content, making them some of the best foods for summer to prevent dehydration. Hydrating fruits & vegetables Here are the most hydrating and nourishing foods to enjoy in hot weather: Watermelon: This quintessential summer fruit is 92% water, making it one of the best foods for summer hydration. It's also rich in electrolytes like potassium. Cucumber: At 95% water content, cucumbers are one of the most hydrating veggies. They also contain vitamins K and C. Tomatoes: Juicy tomatoes are 94% water and loaded with antioxidants like lycopene. Zucchini: This versatile summer squash has high water content and provides vitamin C, potassium and magnesium. Celery: Crunchy celery stalks are 95% water and provide folate, potassium, and vitamins A, C and K. Light & easy-to-digest foods During summer, it's best to opt for light meals that are easy on the digestive system. Some good summer foods that are gentle on the gut include: Yoghurt: Creamy yoghurt provides hydration as well as probiotics to support digestive health and boost immunity. Choose plain, unsweetened varieties. Soups: Light, broth-based soups and chilled soups like gazpacho deliver fluids and electrolytes. Avoid heavy, creamy soups in summer. Salads: Fresh salads made with hydrating leafy greens, vegetables and fruits are the perfect food for summer heat. Fermented foods: Probiotic-rich foods like kefir, kimchi and sauerkraut aid digestion and support gut health. Their tangy flavour stimulates appetite in hot weather. Cooling herbs & spices Certain herbs and spices have cooling properties that can help you beat the heat. Incorporate these in your summer meals: Mint: Add fresh mint to water, iced tea, or salads for a cooling sensation and refreshing flavour. Fennel: Fennel has a light liquorice flavour and can be enjoyed raw, grilled, or added to salads for a cooling effect. Coriander: Also known as cilantro, it has a cooling energy. Use in salsas, chutneys, sandwiches and rice dishes. Cumin: Cumin seeds are thought to have a cooling post-digestive effect. Use in curries, stir-fries and spice rubs. Foods to avoid in summer Just as some foods are ideal for summer, certain foods are best limited or avoided in hot weather as they can aggravate heat-related symptoms like dehydration, indigestion, and fatigue. Here's what not to eat in summer: Heavy & oily foods Avoid greasy, heavy foods in summer as they are harder to digest, causing the body to generate more heat. Minimise intake of: Fried foods: French fries, fried chicken, and other deep-fried items are difficult to digest and can increase body temperature. Creamy sauces: Rich, heavy sauces can be taxing on the digestive system and lead to discomfort in hot weather. Fatty meats: High-fat meats can be slow to digest and generate more body heat. Processed snacks: Many packaged snacks are high in sodium and low in water content, which can contribute to dehydration. Spicy & processed foods Certain spicy and processed foods can contribute to overheating, dehydration and acidity in summer. Limit consumption of: Excess hot spices: Chillies, black pepper and other warming spices in excess can raise body heat. Use milder spices or cooling herbs instead. Packaged snacks: Processed, packaged snacks are often high in salt, which can be dehydrating. Choose fresh fruits and veggie sticks as snacks. Preserved and canned foods: Foods treated with preservatives and additives generate more heat during digestion. Eat fresh, seasonal foods instead. Sugary & carbonated drinks Many popular summer beverages can ironically lead to dehydration due to their sugar and caffeine content. Avoid or limit: Soda and energy drinks: Loaded with sugar and caffeine, these drinks can worsen dehydration. Choose lemon water or coconut water instead. Sweetened iced tea: While iced tea sounds cooling, the sugar and caffeine can be dehydrating. Make your own unsweetened herbal iced teas. Sugary juices and mocktails: Packaged juices and juice-based mocktails tend to be high in sugar. Opt for whole fruits or fresh juices without added sugar. Summer diet tips Follow these simple tips to stay hydrated and beat the heat with your summer diet: Eat seasonal fruits and vegetables with high water content Have light, frequent meals rather than heavy spreads Stay hydrated by sipping on water, coconut water, buttermilk, etc., through the day Include cooling herbs and spices like mint, fennel and coriander Limit intake of fried, spicy, sugary and processed foods Consume probiotic foods like yoghurt and fermented veggies for gut health Conclusion Selecting the best foods for summer is key to staying hydrated, energized and healthy during the hot months. Focus on seasonal fruits, vegetables, light meals and cooling beverages to prevent heat-related illnesses. At the same time, go easy on oily, spicy, sugary and processed foods that can worsen dehydration and heat stress. If you experience symptoms of dehydration like fatigue, headaches or dizziness despite having a balanced summer diet, it's best to consult a doctor. Consider getting a health check-up, including essential tests like a complete blood count, to rule out any underlying issues. Metropolis Healthcare offers convenient at-home sample collection and diagnostic testing services to help you stay on top of your health this summer and beyond. FAQs What are the best fruits for hydration? Some of the most hydrating summer fruits include watermelon, muskmelon, pineapple, oranges, and strawberries. These have high water content along with vitamins and minerals. Is ice cream bad? While ice cream can be refreshing, it's not the best choice for staying hydrated in summer. Ice cream is high in sugar and fat, which can be difficult to digest in hot weather. How to avoid dehydration? Prevent dehydration by drinking enough water, having hydrating foods, avoiding excessive alcohol and caffeine, and limiting time in direct sunlight or heat. Are smoothies good? Yes, smoothies can be the best summertime drinks when made with whole fruits, veggies, yoghurt or coconut water. Avoid using sugar or high-fat dairy products. What are the worst foods in heat? Heavy, oily, spicy, sugary and processed foods can strain digestion and aggravate dehydration in summer. Limit fried snacks, rich gravies, excess chillies, aerated drinks, etc. What are the benefits of coconut water? Coconut water is an excellent source of hydration in summer. It contains natural electrolytes like potassium, magnesium, and sodium, which help replenish fluids lost through sweating.

As the temperatures soar and the sun shines bright, it's crucial to adapt your skincare during summer to keep your skin healthy and glowing. While enjoying the warm weather is tempting, the harsh effects of heat and UV rays can lead to various skin issues like dehydration, heat rash, and severe sunburn. By following the right summer skin care tips and using appropriate products, you can protect your skin and maintain its radiance throughout the season. In this guide, we'll explore why summer skin care is essential and share practical tips for preventing common summer skin problems. Why is summer skin care essential? Your skin faces unique conditions in summer that can disrupt its health and appearance, making a dedicated summer skin care routine vital. The strong UV rays cause sun damage that can lead to premature ageing signs like wrinkles, fine lines and dark spots. Heat and humidity increase sweat production, clogging pores and triggering breakouts and inflammation. High temperatures also dehydrate your skin, making it dry, irritated and prone to heat rash. By upgrading your regular skincare during summer with seasonally appropriate products and habits, you can effectively combat these concerns and maintain your skin's natural radiance. 5 essential summer skin care tips Here are a few summer skin care routine tips to keep in mind: Apply sunscreen religiously: The most crucial step in your skincare during summer is using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30. Apply it generously to all exposed areas, including your face, neck, ears, and hands, at least 20 minutes before going outdoors. Reapply every two hours, or more frequently if you're swimming or sweating excessively. Lighten up your skincare routine: Switch to lightweight, non-comedogenic products that won't clog your pores. Opt for a gentle cleanser, a light moisturiser with SPF, and a water-based serum. Avoid heavy, oil-based products that can feel greasy and lead to breakouts. Keep hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your body and skin hydrated. Carry a water bottle with you and sip regularly. Additionally, use a hydrating mist or facial spray to refresh your skin on the go. Exfoliate: Exfoliation helps remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and prevent heat rash. However, be gentle and limit exfoliation to once or twice a week. Over-exfoliating can strip your skin of its natural oils and cause irritation, especially if you have sunburn. Protect with clothing: In addition to sunscreen, wear protective clothing like long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses when outdoors. Choose lightweight, breathable fabrics like cotton or linen to prevent heat rash. Seek shade during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) when UV rays are strongest. How to treat heat rash & sunburn? Despite precautions, if you do get a heat rash or sunburn, here are some treatment tips: For heat rash: You should move to a cooler environment immediately to stop further sweating and allow your skin to cool down. Take a cool shower or apply cold compresses to the affected areas to help soothe the irritation and reduce heat. Let your skin air dry instead of using a towel, as rubbing can cause additional irritation. Apply soothing calamine lotion or aloe vera gel to the rash to help calm the skin and relieve itching. Wear loose, breathable fabrics made of cotton to avoid friction and allow your skin to breathe. For sunburn: Take a cold shower or apply cold compresses to the sunburnt areas to help cool your skin and reduce inflammation. Moisturise your skin with an aloe vera lotion, as it helps soothe the burn and keeps your skin hydrated. If needed, take an anti-inflammatory medication like ibuprofen to reduce pain, swelling, and redness caused by the sunburn. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, as sunburn can lead to dehydration. Do not pick at blisters or peeling skin, as this can cause infection and slow down the healing process. If your symptoms are severe or don't improve in a few days, see a dermatologist. Best summer skincare products Here are some must-have products for your summer skin care routine: Light, non-greasy sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher Antioxidant-rich vitamin C serum to fight UV damage Hydrating hyaluronic acid moisturiser or gel cream Gentle, foaming or gel-based face cleanser Soothing aloe vera gel for sunburned skin Hydrating face mists and essences Cooling sheet masks and eye gels Conclusion Shielding your skin from the sun, heat and humidity are the cornerstones of an effective summer skin routine. By adopting these expert-approved summer skin care tips, you can prevent heat rash, sunburn and other seasonal skin issues. Remember, maintaining healthy summer skin is an ongoing process. Make sun protection, hydration and gentle cleansing your daily habits. At Metropolis Healthcare, we understand the importance of proactive skin health management. Our comprehensive health check-up packages include advanced diagnostic tests to assess your skin's condition and underlying health factors. With just a simple blood sample collected from the comfort of your home by our trained phlebotomists, our state-of-the-art labs can provide you detailed insights into key factors that influence your skin's health. Armed with this knowledge, you can work with your dermatologist to personalise your skincare during summer for optimal results. FAQs How often should I reapply sunscreen? Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours and immediately after swimming, sweating excessively or towelling off. Use a shot glass amount for your entire body for adequate protection. Can I skip moisturiser in summer? No, even oily skin needs hydration. Switch to a light, oil-free, non-comedogenic formula to moisturise without clogging pores or feeling greasy. What's the best fabric to prevent heat rash? Choose loose, breathable natural fabrics like cotton, linen or chambray. Avoid tight synthetic clothes that trap heat and irritate skin. How to soothe sunburn overnight? Take a cool bath, gently pat your skin dry, and liberally apply aloe vera gel or a fragrance-free moisturiser. Is oil-based skincare bad for summer? Thick, oil-based products can congest your skin and cause breakouts in the heat and humidity. Opt for lightweight, water-based formulas that hydrate without feeling heavy. Can diet affect summer skin issues? Yes, spicy foods, alcohol and caffeine can dilate blood vessels and worsen flushing and redness. Load up on seasonal fruits, veggies, and water-rich foods to support skin health. Are DIY remedies safe for heat rash? Natural ingredients like aloe vera and oatmeal can soothe mild heat rash. But if your rash is severe, consult a dermatologist for proper treatment.

Summertime brings sunshine and warmth, but it can also wreak havoc on your hair and scalp. Heat and humidity during the summer months can lead to a host of scalp issues like greasiness, irritation, and dandruff during summer. Establishing a proper summer hair routine is crucial to maintaining the health of your scalp and tresses. In this article, we'll explore how summer weather affects your scalp and share essential hair care summer tips to keep your scalp happy and healthy all season long. How do heat & humidity affect scalp health? High temperatures and humidity levels can significantly impact scalp health during the summer months. The heat stimulates the sebaceous glands on your scalp, leading to increased production of sebum (the natural oils that keep your scalp moisturised). While some sebum is essential for maintaining a healthy scalp, excess oil can clog hair follicles and create an ideal environment for bacteria and fungi to thrive. This can result in scalp irritation, itchiness, and even infections. Humidity adds to the problem by increasing moisture levels on your scalp. The excess moisture can disrupt the delicate balance of your scalp's microbiome, allowing the overgrowth of yeast-like fungi such as Malassezia. This fungus feeds on the oils on your scalp and can cause inflammation, leading to issues like dandruff during summer. Taking proactive steps in your summer hair care regimen can help combat these issues. Gender-specific scalp concerns While both men and women can experience scalp issues during summer, there are some gender-specific concerns to keep in mind. Men, for instance, tend to have larger sebaceous glands and produce more sebum compared to women. This can make them more prone to developing an oily scalp and related issues like dandruff and scalp acne during the hot and humid months. Women, on the other hand, often struggle with frizzy and unmanageable hair due to the high humidity levels. The moisture in the air can cause the hair cuticles to swell and lift, resulting in a rough, frizzy texture. This can be particularly challenging for women with naturally curly or wavy hair. Additionally, hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycles can impact sebum production in women, exacerbating scalp oiliness and related concerns. Understanding these differences can help tailor your summer hair routine accordingly. Summer hair care routine: Men vs. women Here's a comparison of summer hair care routines for men and women: Aspect Men Women Shampooing Use a gentle, clarifying shampoo 2-3 times a week to control oil and buildup. Opt for a sulphate-free, hydrating shampoo to balance moisture levels. Shampoo every 2-3 days. Conditioning Focus on conditioning the ends and avoid the scalp to prevent greasiness. Use a lightweight, nourishing conditioner from mid-lengths to ends. Try a leave-in conditioner for extra hydration. Styling Choose matte, water-based styling products that won't weigh down hair or irritate the scalp. Embrace heatless styling methods like braids or buns. Use an anti-frizz serum or light hair oil for smoothness. Best products for summer scalp care To keep your scalp healthy and dandruff-free during summer, consider incorporating these products into your summer hair routine: Clarifying shampoos: These deep-cleansing formulas help remove excess oil, sweat, and product buildup from your scalp, preventing clogged pores and irritation. Tea tree oil-based products: Tea tree oil has natural antifungal and antibacterial properties that can help control dandruff and soothe an itchy scalp. Scalp masks: Nourishing scalp masks containing ingredients like aloe vera and green tea can help restore moisture balance and calm inflammation. Dry shampoo: For those days when you don't have time to wash your hair, a good dry shampoo can help absorb excess oil and refresh your scalp between washes. DIY remedies for scalp health In addition to store-bought products, you can also try these simple DIY remedies to promote a healthy scalp during summer: Apple cider vinegar rinse: Mix equal parts water and apple cider vinegar and use it as a post-shampoo rinse to help balance your scalp's pH and control dandruff. Coconut oil massage: Gently massaging your scalp with coconut oil can help moisturise and soothe irritation. Leave it on for 30 minutes before shampooing. Aloe vera gel: Apply fresh aloe vera gel to your scalp and leave it on for 15-20 minutes before rinsing. Aloe vera has cooling and anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm an itchy, sunburnt scalp. Lifestyle tips Beyond your hair care routine, making a few lifestyle changes can also contribute to a healthier scalp during summer: Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Protect your scalp from direct sun exposure by wearing hats or using umbrellas when outdoors. Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals that support healthy hair growth, such as biotin, vitamin C, and iron. Manage stress levels through regular exercise, meditation, or other relaxation techniques, as stress can exacerbate scalp issues. Avoid excessive use of heat styling tools that can further dry out your scalp and damage your hair. Conclusion Taking care of your scalp during summer involves a combination of using the right products, adopting healthy hair habits, and protecting your scalp from harsh elements. By understanding how heat and humidity affect your scalp and adopting a tailored summer hair routine, you can effectively manage concerns like dryness, frizz, and dandruff during summer. If you're looking for reliable diagnostic services to assess your scalp and hair health, consider Metropolis Healthcare. As a leading chain of pathology labs across India, Metropolis offers accurate blood tests and health check-ups to help you identify any underlying deficiencies that may be affecting your hair. Our team of skilled technicians can collect samples from the comfort of your home and deliver results online. FAQs Do men need to wash their hair more often? Yes, men generally produce more sebum than women, so they may need to wash their hair more frequently during summer to control excess oiliness and prevent scalp irritation. How can women prevent frizz? Women can minimise frizz by using moisturising hair products, applying anti-frizz serums, and opting for protective hairstyles that keep hair away from humidity. Is dandruff worse in summer? Dandruff during summer can be more prevalent due to the increased humidity levels and scalp sweat, which create an ideal environment for dandruff-causing fungi to thrive. Can sunscreen be used on the scalp? There are specialised SPF products designed for use on the hair and scalp that provide sun protection without leaving residue. Does sweating cause hair loss? Sweating itself does not cause hair loss, but the salt in sweat can irritate your scalp and contribute to hair breakage if not washed off regularly. What are the best haircuts for summer? Short haircuts, pixie cuts, and styles that keep hair off the neck and face can help minimise scalp sweating and keep you feeling cooler during summer. Are cold showers better for hair? Cold water can help seal the hair cuticles, reducing frizz and making your hair appear smoother and shinier. However, both hot and cold water have benefits for hair health when used in moderation.

Embracing the joys of pregnancy during the summer months comes with its unique challenges. As temperatures soar, expectant mothers must take extra precautions to ensure their well-being and that of their growing baby. From staying cool and hydrated to protecting your skin from the sun's harsh rays, navigating a summer pregnancy requires mindful adjustments to your daily routine. In this article, we'll explore essential summer pregnancy tips to help you beat the heat, stay comfortable, and maintain a healthy pregnancy throughout the warm season. Whether you're looking for the perfect pregnancy summer dress or seeking advice on managing common discomforts, we've got you covered. Let's dive into the world of summer maternity care and discover how you can thrive during this special time. Why is summer pregnancy more challenging? Pregnancy already brings about significant changes in a woman's body, but the summer heat can amplify these challenges. Expecting mothers naturally experience increased blood volume and metabolism, leading to higher body temperatures and more sweating. This puts them at a greater risk of dehydration if fluid intake is not adequate. Additionally, overheating can be dangerous, especially in the first trimester, as it may affect foetal development. Heat can also exacerbate common pregnancy discomforts such as swelling in the feet and ankles, fatigue, and Braxton Hicks contractions. Furthermore, pregnant women's skin becomes more sensitive to sun exposure, increasing the likelihood of sunburn and hyperpigmentation. The combination of these factors makes managing a summer pregnancy more demanding compared to cooler seasons. However, with the right knowledge and strategies, expectant mothers can navigate the heat and enjoy a safe, comfortable pregnancy. 10 essential summer pregnancy safety tips To stay healthy and comfortable during a summer pregnancy, follow these essential safety tips: Hydrate continuously: Drink 10-12 glasses of water daily to prevent dehydration, which can cause fatigue, dizziness, and preterm contractions. Carry a water bottle and set reminders if needed to ensure consistent intake. Wear breathable clothing: Choose loose, light-coloured, cotton or linen fabrics to stay cool and reduce sweating. Use sunscreen: Apply broad-spectrum SPF 30+ mineral-based sunscreen to protect sensitive skin from UV damage. Avoid peak sun hours: Stay indoors or in shaded areas between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. to reduce heat exposure. Exercise smartly: Prefer swimming or indoor workouts; if outdoors, exercise during cooler parts of the day like early morning or evening. Wear comfortable, supportive shoes: Opt for flats or sandals with good support to alleviate swelling and prevent falls. Use cooling methods: Apply cool compresses or mist yourself with water to lower body temperature when feeling hot. Taking lukewarm showers can also help reduce body heat. Monitor symptoms: Watch for dizziness, excessive thirst, or weakness and seek medical advice if they occur. If you feel faint or stop sweating despite feeling hot, this could signal heatstroke. Manage swelling: Elevate feet when resting and avoid standing too long to reduce swelling. Avoid constrictive clothing: Tight clothes can trap heat and restrict circulation, exacerbating discomfort and swelling. Best clothing & sun protection for pregnant women When it comes to summer maternity clothes, prioritise comfort and sun protection: Wear loose, breathable fabrics such as cotton, linen, or bamboo. Choose light colours to reflect sunlight and stay cooler. Use wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and lightweight scarves for additional sun protection. Apply mineral-based sunscreen with at least SPF 30, reapplying every two hours or after swimming/sweating. Avoid synthetic and tight-fitting clothing that traps heat or restricts movement. Remember, investing in a few key pieces of summer maternity clothes, such as flowy pregnancy summer dresses, can help you stay comfortable and stylish throughout the season. Hydration & diet: What to eat & drink in hot weather Proper hydration and a balanced diet are crucial for managing a summer pregnancy. Here are some tips: Category Recommendations Fluids Drink 8-12 glasses of water daily; include electrolyte drinks if sweating heavily Foods Eat fresh fruits and vegetables with high water content (e.g., cucumbers, watermelon) Electrolytes Include natural sources like coconut water and bananas to maintain balance Avoid Limit caffeine and sugary beverages that can increase dehydration Warning signs of heat exhaustion & heatstroke During a summer pregnancy, it's essential to be aware of the warning signs of heat exhaustion and heatstroke: Heavy sweating or lack of sweating despite heat Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting Rapid heartbeat or breathing Muscle cramps or weakness Nausea or vomiting Headache and confusion If you experience any of these symptoms, move to a cool place immediately, hydrate, and seek medical help if symptoms persist or worsen. Prompt action can prevent serious complications for both mother and baby. Sleeping comfortably in summer heat while pregnant Getting a good night's sleep during a summer pregnancy can be challenging, but there are ways to improve your comfort: Keep the bedroom cool using fans or air conditioning. Elevate your legs slightly to reduce swelling. Wear loose, breathable sleepwear and keep a cool, damp cloth nearby. Avoid heavy blankets and try to sleep on your left side to enhance circulation and reduce pressure on major blood vessels. Stay hydrated throughout the day to improve nighttime comfort. Conclusion Navigating a summer pregnancy requires extra care and attention to ensure the well-being of both mother and baby. By following these summer pregnancy tips, such as staying hydrated, wearing breathable summer maternity clothes and pregnancy summer dresses, protecting your skin from the sun, and recognising heat-related warning signs, you can enjoy a healthy and comfortable pregnancy during the hot months. At Metropolis Healthcare, we understand the importance of reliable diagnostic services and personalised care during pregnancy. Our team of skilled professionals is dedicated to providing accurate pathology testing and health check-ups to support your journey. With the convenience of at-home sample collection and easy access to test reports via email and the Metropolis TruHealth app, prioritising your health has never been easier. FAQs How to handle summer pregnancy? To handle a summer pregnancy, focus on staying hydrated, wearing breathable summer maternity clothes, protecting your skin from the sun, and listening to your body's needs for rest and cooling. How much water per day? Aim for at least 8-10 glasses of water daily during a summer pregnancy to stay hydrated and prevent complications. Are electrolyte drinks safe? Yes, electrolyte drinks can be safe during pregnancy if consumed in moderation. They help replenish lost minerals due to sweating. Electrolyte drinks can be safe during pregnancy if consumed in moderation. Opt for low-sugar options or natural sources like coconut water. Always check with your doctor before using commercial sports drinks regularly. What is the best time to go outside? Try to limit outdoor activities between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun is strongest. Early mornings or evenings are better. Is being pregnant in the summer harder? Yes, being pregnant in the summer can be more challenging due to increased heat sensitivity, higher risk of dehydration, and exacerbated pregnancy discomforts like swelling and fatigue. Does heat affect a baby's womb? Excessive heat exposure during a summer pregnancy can potentially affect the baby's development, as maternal overheating may increase the risk of neural tube defects and other complications. How to reduce swollen feet in heat? To reduce swollen feet during a summer pregnancy, elevate your legs when resting, avoid standing for prolonged periods, wear comfortable and supportive shoes, and stay hydrated.

A summer cold is a viral infection that occurs during the warmer months. Despite its name, a cold during summer is caused by different viruses than those responsible for winter colds. Recognising the symptoms and understanding the causes of a summer cold can help you manage this common cold effectively and find relief. What is a summer cold? A summer cold, also known as a cold virus in summer, is a viral infection that affects the upper respiratory system. Unlike winter colds, which are primarily caused by rhinoviruses, summer colds are often caused by enteroviruses. These viruses thrive in warmer temperatures and can spread easily through close contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Many people associate colds with the winter season, but the truth is that you can catch a cold at any time of the year. Summer colds can be particularly frustrating because they often occur when you want to enjoy outdoor activities and socialise with friends and family. Causes of summer colds Here are some of the common summer cold causes: Viral infections: Enteroviruses, such as coxsackievirus and echovirus, are the most common culprits behind summer colds. These viruses can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Weakened immune system: Stress, lack of sleep, and poor nutrition can weaken your immune system, making you more susceptible to viral infections. Crowded places: Spending time in crowded areas, such as amusement parks, beaches, or aeroplanes, increases your risk of exposure to cold-causing viruses. Air conditioning: While air conditioning itself doesn't cause colds, the sudden temperature changes and dry air can irritate your nasal passages and make you more vulnerable to infections. Symptoms of a summer cold The symptoms of a summer cold are similar to those of a winter cold: Runny or stuffy nose Sore throat Cough Sneezing Headache Mild fever Fatigue These symptoms typically last for 7-10 days, although some may linger for up to two weeks. Effective treatments While there is no cure for a summer cold, several treatments can help alleviate your symptoms and promote recovery: Rest: Give your body the time it needs to fight off the infection by getting plenty of rest. Hydration: Drink lots of water, herbal tea, and clear broths to stay hydrated and help thin mucus secretions. Over-the-counter medications: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and relieve aches and pains. Decongestants and cough suppressants may also provide symptom relief. Humidifier: Using a humidifier or taking a warm shower can help moisturise your nasal passages and ease congestion. Saltwater gargle: Gargling with warm salt water can help soothe a sore throat and reduce inflammation. Remember, antibiotics are not effective against viral infections like summer colds. If your symptoms persist or worsen, consult your doctor for personalised advice. How can I tell if it's a summer cold or allergies? Sometimes, it can be difficult to distinguish between a summer cold and allergies. Here are a few key differences: Duration: Summer cold symptoms usually last 7–14 days, while allergies can persist for weeks or even months, especially with ongoing exposure to allergens like pollen or dust. Symptom variation: Cold symptoms may change in intensity over a few days—starting with a sore throat and moving to congestion or coughing. Allergy symptoms tend to be more consistent day-to-day unless the exposure level changes. Fever presence: A summer cold may come with a low-grade fever, chills, or mild body aches. Allergies typically do not cause fever or body aches. Nasal discharge: Colds often produce thicker, yellow or green mucus, while allergies cause clear, watery nasal discharge. Itchiness: Itchy eyes, nose, throat, or ears are common with allergies but rare with a cold. Onset speed: Colds usually develop over a couple of days, while allergy symptoms can start suddenly after exposure to a trigger. What are the best home remedies? In addition to over-the-counter treatments, several home remedies can help you manage a summer cold: Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids helps thin mucus, keeps your throat moist, and supports your immune system in fighting off the virus. Stick to water, herbal teas, broths, and electrolyte drinks, and avoid caffeine or alcohol, which can dehydrate you. Get plenty of rest: Rest is crucial because it allows your body to focus on healing. Avoid overexertion and let your body recover at its own pace. Inhale steam: Steam can open up nasal passages, loosen congestion, and soothe irritated airways. Simply breathe in steam from a bowl of hot water or take a hot shower. Gargle with salt water: A warm saltwater gargle helps reduce throat inflammation and relieve soreness. If you suspect you have a summer cold and your symptoms persist or worsen, consider seeking professional medical advice. Metropolis Healthcare offers a wide range of diagnostic services, including at-home sample collection, to help you identify the cause of your symptoms and receive appropriate treatment. With a network of state-of-the-art laboratories across India, Metropolis Healthcare is committed to providing accurate, reliable results and personalised care to help you manage your health effectively. FAQs Is a summer cold different from a winter cold? While summer colds and winter colds share similar symptoms, they are caused by different viruses. Summer colds are primarily caused by enteroviruses, while winter colds are mostly caused by rhinoviruses. How long does a summer cold last? A summer cold typically lasts 7-10 days, with symptoms peaking around days 3-5. Some symptoms, such as a cough, may linger for up to two weeks. Are summer colds contagious? Yes, summer colds are highly contagious. They can spread through close contact with infected individuals or by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face. Can air conditioning cause summer colds? Air conditioning itself doesn't cause summer colds, but the dry air and sudden temperature changes can irritate your nasal passages and make you more susceptible to viral infections.

When faced with something as unfamiliar as Harlequin Ichthyosis, it’s natural to feel a mix of confusion, fear, and determination. You may be searching for answers, hoping to understand what lies ahead. This rare genetic condition, though serious, is not without hope. Today, more than ever, knowledge, support, and medical care are changing outcomes and easing journeys. This blog is designed to guide you through essential information—what causes it, how it’s diagnosed, and what treatments exist. What is Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI)? Harlequin Ichthyosis is a severe, rare genetic skin disorder that affects the way your skin develops and protects your body. At birth, babies with this condition have thick, hard skin that forms large, diamond-shaped plates separated by deep cracks. These plates restrict movement and can affect breathing, eating, and even the ability to close the eyes or mouth.  The condition is caused by mutations in the ABCA12 gene, which plays a vital role in the normal development of the skin barrier. This gene helps transport lipids (fats) necessary for skin cells to function and form correctly.  When this process is disrupted, the skin becomes excessively dry and scaly. Despite its challenges, advances in Harlequin Ichthyosis treatment have significantly improved outcomes and survival rates. How Rare is Harlequin Ichthyosis? Harlequin Ichthyosis is extremely rare, affecting approximately 1 in 300,000 births worldwide. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning both parents must carry the faulty gene for a child to be affected. Because of its rarity, many people – including healthcare professionals – may never encounter a case in their careers.  This rarity often leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment. However, awareness has grown thanks to medical research and advocacy, making early diagnosis and care more accessible than ever before. Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI) Causes Harlequin Ichthyosis is caused by mutations in the ABCA12 gene, which is essential for the formation of the outer layer of the skin. This gene provides instructions for producing a protein that helps transport lipids in skin cells. Genetic Mutation: The ABCA12 gene mutation disrupts the skin's ability to form a protective barrier. Without this barrier, the skin becomes thick, cracked, and unable to retain moisture or block harmful substances. Autosomal Recessive Inheritance: The condition is inherited when a child receives one mutated gene from each parent. Carriers usually do not show symptoms but can pass the gene to their children. Prenatal Influence: If both parents are known carriers, there’s a 25% chance with each pregnancy that the baby will be affected. Prenatal testing can help identify the condition before birth. Protein Transport Defect: The faulty ABCA12 gene means lipids can’t be delivered to the skin’s outermost layer. This causes the skin to harden and form scale-like plaques from birth. Environmental Interplay: While the root cause is genetic, environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, and infection risk can aggravate the symptoms or delay healing in affected individuals. Symptoms Of Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI) The symptoms of Harlequin Ichthyosis are usually noticeable at birth. Babies are born encased in thick, plate-like skin with deep fissures. These physical signs are often severe and can lead to medical complications. Skin Thickening and Cracking: The most prominent feature is the presence of hard, plate-like scales that crack and bleed. These plates restrict movement and can pull on facial features. Facial Deformities: The thick skin distorts facial features, pulling the eyelids outwards (ectropion), turning the lips inside out (eclabium), and flattening the nose. Difficulty with Feeding and Breathing: The rigid skin can impair breathing due to limited chest expansion, and make feeding challenging, requiring medical support like feeding tubes. High Risk of Infection: Cracks in the skin create open wounds, which can serve as entry points for bacteria, increasing the risk of life-threatening infections. Temperature Regulation Issues: The damaged skin barrier affects the body's ability to regulate temperature, making babies more vulnerable to overheating or hypothermia. Eye and Mouth Irritation: Due to ectropion, eyes remain exposed, leading to dryness and infections. Similarly, constant lip exposure causes feeding and oral hygiene problems. Diagnosis & Testing Early and accurate diagnosis of Harlequin Ichthyosis is vital for initiating life-saving care. Diagnosis can occur before or after birth, and involves multiple methods ranging from imaging to genetic tests. Prenatal Testing Prenatal diagnosis can be pursued if there's a known family history or both parents are confirmed carriers. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Performed between 10-13 weeks of pregnancy, CVS tests a sample of placental tissue to detect ABCA12 gene mutations. Amniocentesis: Conducted around 15-20 weeks, it tests the amniotic fluid for the same genetic mutations, offering high accuracy with minimal risk. Ultrasound Scans: In later pregnancy stages, high-resolution ultrasounds might show signs like abnormal limb positioning or facial features, prompting further genetic testing. Postnatal Clinical Examination In newborns, the condition is typically obvious due to visible skin abnormalities. Physical Appearance: The newborn’s thick, hardened skin and diamond-shaped fissures are usually sufficient to raise suspicion immediately after birth. Respiratory and Feeding Assessment: Babies may struggle with breathing and feeding, requiring support from a neonatal intensive care unit. Skin Biopsy (rarely needed): In uncertain cases, a skin sample might be tested for characteristic histological changes. Genetic Confirmation Confirming the diagnosis at the molecular level ensures appropriate treatment and counselling. ABCA12 Genetic Testing: A definitive test that detects mutations in the ABCA12 gene. It can be performed using blood or tissue samples. Family Genetic Mapping: If parents are confirmed carriers, this information supports diagnosis and helps plan future pregnancies. Whole Exome Sequencing (if needed): In rare cases where symptoms resemble other skin disorders, broader genetic analysis can identify less common variants. Differential Diagnosis Because Harlequin Ichthyosis shares features with other skin disorders, differentiating it is crucial. Lamellar Ichthyosis: A milder form of ichthyosis that presents later and lacks the plate-like skin. Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis: Also involves thickened skin, but differs in its blistering and genetic background. Netherton Syndrome: Presents with scaly skin and hair abnormalities, and has a different genetic profile. Other Neonatal Skin Disorders: Conditions like congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma may initially appear similar but are usually less severe. Treatment & Management While there is no cure, Harlequin Ichthyosis treatment focuses on supportive care and symptom management. Treatment must begin at birth and continue lifelong, involving a team of specialists. Area of Care Treatment Options Skin Management Regular use of emollients and moisturisers to prevent cracking. Gentle exfoliation helps remove scales. Humidified environments reduce dryness. Infection Control Antibiotics are administered to prevent or treat bacterial infections through skin fissures. Strict hygiene and sterile wound care are essential. Nutrition & Feeding Babies may require feeding tubes due to facial abnormalities. High-calorie diets support growth and healing. Nutritional supplements may be needed long-term. Respiratory Support Ventilatory support may be necessary if chest movement is restricted. Careful monitoring of oxygen levels ensures stable breathing. Eye & Oral Care Lubricating eye drops help prevent dryness and damage. Oral care includes gentle cleaning and, if needed, dental support for malformed teeth. Pain & Comfort Management Analgesics are used during skin treatments. Keeping the skin moist and protected helps reduce discomfort and friction injuries. Physiotherapy Movement may be limited early in life. Stretching exercises and physiotherapy help maintain mobility and prevent contractures. Psychological Support Emotional and mental health support for you and your family is essential. Support groups and therapy can help navigate social and emotional challenges. Prognosis & Life Expectancy In the past, Harlequin Ichthyosis was often fatal within days after birth. Today, with improved neonatal care and early interventions, survival rates have increased significantly. Many children now grow into adulthood with a reasonable quality of life.  However, life expectancy varies depending on the severity of complications like infections, organ involvement, and access to care. With vigilant monitoring and a dedicated care plan, individuals can live fulfilling lives. The key lies in early diagnosis, ongoing skin management, and emotional resilience. Living with Harlequin Ichthyosis Living with Harlequin Ichthyosis can present unique challenges, but many families find strength and routine over time. As a parent or individual with the condition, you’ll become skilled in skin care routines, learn to manage flare-ups, and advocate effectively for healthcare needs. Support from healthcare teams, therapists, and other families in similar situations plays a vital role.  School, work, and social life may require some adjustments, but countless individuals lead enriched lives, participate in communities, and pursue their passions. Research & Future Outlook Exciting developments in genetics and dermatology continue to advance understanding of Harlequin Ichthyosis. Researchers are exploring gene therapy and better topical treatments to enhance skin function. Improved genetic testing has made earlier diagnosis possible, even before birth.  Newborn screening advancements are in development, offering hope for earlier interventions. Organisations and global research initiatives are also pushing for better awareness and support systems. With continued progress, the future looks brighter for individuals and families affected by this rare condition. Conclusion When properly educated and supported, Harlequin Ichthyosis is manageable. Getting early diagnosis, regular care, and being emotionally resilient can make a significant difference. If you are considering genetic testing or need a trusted diagnostic partner, Metropolis Healthcare is a reliable choice. With advanced labs, expert professionals, and a commitment to accuracy, Metropolis Healthcare offers comprehensive testing services that can guide timely and informed decisions for you and your loved ones.

Living with cluster headaches can be exhausting, especially when the pain strikes suddenly and disrupts your daily routine. These attacks are intense, often affecting one side of the head, and can feel overwhelming both physically and emotionally.  But knowing what you're dealing with makes a huge difference. By understanding what causes them, how they show up, and the ways you can manage or reduce their impact, you'll feel more in control.  What are Cluster Headaches? Cluster headaches are a rare but extremely painful type of headache that typically occurs in cyclical patterns or “clusters.” These episodes may last for weeks or even months, followed by periods of remission when the headaches stop completely.  Unlike migraines, cluster headaches are shorter in duration but much more severe in intensity. They often strike suddenly, usually affecting one side of the head, especially around the eye. Types of Cluster Headaches Cluster headaches fall into two main types. Knowing which type you have can help in planning a suitable cluster headache treatment and developing coping strategies. Episodic Cluster Headaches This is the most common form. You may experience frequent headache attacks (once or multiple times a day) for weeks or months, followed by a headache-free period that can last months or even years. The active period may last from 7 days up to a year. The pain-free remission period typically lasts at least a month. These headaches often occur at the same time each day, sometimes even waking you up from sleep.   Chronic Cluster Headaches This less common but more persistent type involves continuous headache periods with minimal or no remission. Headaches occur almost daily for more than a year. Remission periods, if any, last less than a month. Because there's little to no break from the pain, this type can be more disabling and emotionally taxing.   Important Notes: Both types involve extreme, sharp pain around the eye and temple on one side of the head. The timing and rhythm of these headaches are so consistent that some refer to them as “alarm clock headaches.” Recognising your pattern can help you prepare and seek timely relief or medical support. Symptoms of Cluster Headaches Cluster headaches strike quickly, usually without warning. Being familiar with the full range of symptoms can help you identify the condition early and seek proper care. Intense, Piercing Pain: A sudden, sharp, or burning pain usually around or behind one eye. This is the hallmark cluster headache symptom and can be almost unbearable. Short but Frequent Attacks: Attacks can last from 15 minutes to 3 hours and may happen several times a day. Same-Side Symptoms: You’ll often notice redness, tearing, or swelling in one eye; a drooping eyelid; or a smaller pupil—all on the same side as the pain. Restlessness: During attacks, you may feel agitated or unable to stay still. Other Common Signs: Runny or blocked nose on the side of pain Facial sweating Nausea or light sensitivity (though less common) Causes & Triggers of Cluster Headaches The exact cluster headache causes are still unknown, but research points to a few potential cluster headache reasons and common triggers. Hypothalamus Activity: The hypothalamus, the part of your brain that controls biological rhythms, may play a role. This explains why cluster headaches often follow predictable schedules. Family History: If a close family member has them, your chances of developing them may be slightly higher. Hormonal or Sleep Changes: Disruptions in your natural sleep cycle can sometimes set off an attack. Common Triggers Include: Alcohol – even small amounts can trigger a headache during a cluster period. Smoking – considered a major risk factor. Strong Smells – such as petrol, nail polish remover, or perfume. Overexertion – intense exercise can sometimes trigger an episode. High altitudes – like flying or mountain climbing. Diagnosis: How are Cluster Headaches Confirmed? There’s no single test for diagnosing cluster headaches, which can make the process a bit frustrating. But rest assured, with the right support, it can be done accurately. Medical History & Symptoms: Your GP will start by asking detailed questions about your headache episodes—timing, duration, pain type, associated symptoms, and family history. Examination: A physical and neurological exam may be done to check for signs that help rule out other conditions like migraines, sinusitis, or even brain tumours. Imaging Tests: You may be referred for a brain scan (like an MRI or CT scan) to rule out serious structural issues. Specialist Referral: If your GP suspects cluster headaches, they’ll likely refer you to a neurologist for confirmation and management. While the journey to diagnosis can be long, having clear, consistent records of your symptoms can speed up the process and lead to timely cluster headache treatment. Treatment Options While there's no definitive cure, several cluster headache treatment options can bring relief during attacks and help prevent future ones. Treatment often involves both acute relief and preventive strategies. Acute Treatment – For Immediate Relief These aim to stop or reduce pain once a headache begins. Triptans (Sumatriptan): These fast-acting medications can be injected under the skin or used as a nasal spray. Injections tend to work faster than pills. High-flow Oxygen Therapy: Breathing pure oxygen through a mask for about 15 minutes can often stop an attack within minutes. It’s drug-free and safe for most people. Neuromodulation Devices: These small gadgets deliver mild electrical stimulation to nerves, reducing pain signals. Some target the neck (occipital nerve), while others stimulate the face or forehead. Preventive Treatment – To Reduce Future Attacks Verapamil: A calcium-channel blocker often prescribed to reduce the frequency and intensity of cluster headaches. Lithium: Usually used in treating mood disorders, lithium can help in chronic cases. Corticosteroids (Prednisolone): Short-term use may help break a cycle of cluster headaches quickly. Nerve Blocks: Local anaesthetic injected near the occipital nerve may help prevent attacks for weeks. Surgery (Rare Cases): Only used when other treatments fail. Involves implanting a device to block pain signals. Lifestyle Considerations: Preventing attacks is just as important as treating them. Avoiding alcohol, quitting smoking, and managing stress can all support long-term relief. Speak to your GP or neurologist to tailor your cluster headache treatment plan. You’re not alone—effective help is available. Lifestyle & Home Remedies In addition to medical options, lifestyle changes can make a real difference in managing cluster headaches. Avoid Triggers: Identifying personal triggers such as alcohol or strong smells is key. A headache diary helps track patterns. Regular Sleep Routine: Go to bed and wake up at the same time daily. Sleep disturbances are known to increase attacks. Stay Hydrated: Dehydration can be a trigger, especially during warmer months or when exercising. Stop Smoking: Tobacco is a well-known risk factor for cluster headaches. Quitting can reduce both frequency and severity. Gentle Activities: Practices like deep breathing, meditation, or light walking during pain-free periods can reduce stress and improve wellbeing. Cool Compress: Applying a cold pack on the painful side of your face might offer temporary relief. Lifestyle changes can feel slow at first but staying consistent can significantly lower the burden of your headaches over time. When to See a Doctor? Knowing when to seek professional help can prevent complications and improve your quality of life. Frequent Headaches: If you have repeated episodes of intense, one-sided pain, consult your GP—even if you're unsure they’re cluster headaches. Over-the-Counter Painkillers Don’t Work: If ibuprofen or paracetamol don’t help, you may need prescription options. Symptoms Are Worsening: Longer attacks, changes in pattern, or increased frequency are all red flags. New Symptoms Appear: If your vision changes, or if there’s weakness or numbness, seek urgent medical attention. First-Time Symptoms: If your eyelid droops or one pupil looks smaller, go to A&E—even if you've been diagnosed before. Myths Vs Facts About Cluster Headaches Let’s clear up some common misunderstandings about cluster headaches. Myth Fact “They’re just bad migraines.” No, cluster headaches are a different condition entirely. “Only men get them.” While more common in men, women can experience them too. “They’re caused by stress.” Stress may trigger them, but it’s not the root cause. “There’s nothing you can do.” Many treatments and coping strategies are available. “They go away with age.” Not always—some people have them for life. Understanding the cluster headache meaning and facts helps you take better control of your health. Living with Cluster Headaches: Coping Strategies Managing cluster headaches isn’t just about treatment—it’s also about everyday coping. Build a Support System: Share your diagnosis with loved ones so they understand and can help when attacks occur. Headache Diary: Track your symptoms, triggers, and response to treatments. This empowers both you and your healthcare provider. Emergency Kit: Keep oxygen supplies, medications, and your neurologist’s details handy during a cluster period. Positive Mindset: Try not to let fear of attacks limit your life. Use the pain-free phases to recharge, plan, and enjoy life. You're stronger than your headaches. With knowledge, support, and proactive care, you can live well. Conclusion Cluster headaches can feel overwhelming, but knowing their causes, recognising the symptoms early, and following the right treatment plan can make them more manageable. No one should feel alone, and support is available every step of the way. If you're unsure about your symptoms or need accurate testing to rule out other health conditions, timely diagnosis is crucial. In this regard, Metropolis Healthcare stands out with its advanced pathology services, expert neurological panels, and convenient home sample collection. For dependable diagnostics and patient-first care, consider choosing Metropolis for