Pet Allergy: Symptoms, Testing & Allergy Management Strategies

What is a Pet Allergy?

A pet allergy is an immune system reaction to proteins found in an animal’s skin cells, saliva, or urine. These allergenic particles—often called dander—are tiny and lightweight, easily circulating through the air or sticking to clothing, furniture, and carpets. When you breathe them in or touch contaminated surfaces, your body may overreact—mistaking harmless proteins for dangerous invaders.

Your immune system responds by releasing chemicals like histamines, which cause inflammation in the nose, eyes, lungs, and skin. This leads to symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, watery eyes, coughing, or even asthma-like wheezing.

Pet allergies are most common among people allergic to dogs and cats, but they can also occur due to other household animals, such as birds, rabbits, hamsters, and guinea pigs.

Common Sources of Pet Allergens

Pet allergens are found in multiple parts of an animal’s body and can easily spread throughout a home, even in areas where pets don’t spend time.

The most common sources include:

• Dander (skin flakes) – The primary source of allergens, shed by all animals with fur or feathers.
• Saliva – Contains allergenic proteins that transfer to the animal’s fur when they groom themselves.
• Urine and faeces – Can release proteins that may become airborne once dried.
• Fur and hair – Trap allergens and spread them around your environment.
• Dust particles – Carry dander and allergen proteins to distant areas indoors.

Dog Allergies

Dog allergies occur when the body reacts to proteins found in a dog’s dander, saliva, or urine. Contrary to belief, fur itself isn’t the main cause—it’s the microscopic flakes of skin and protein particles attached to it.

Allergic individuals may experience nasal congestion, skin itching, or eye irritation soon after contact. While some breeds are marketed as “hypoallergenic,” no breed is truly allergen-free. However, dogs that shed less or drool minimally may cause fewer symptoms.

If you experience discomfort around dogs, it’s best to confirm it through a Dog Dander Allergy Test for a precise diagnosis.

Cat Allergies

Cat allergies are more prevalent than dog allergies due to the highly potent allergen Fel d 1, found in a cat’s saliva, skin, and sebaceous glands. Cats groom frequently, spreading saliva onto their fur, which dries and disperses easily into the air.

These allergens can remain airborne for hours, making avoidance challenging. Individuals allergic to cats may develop persistent sneezing, itchy eyes, coughing, or even breathing problems after minimal exposure.

Pet Allergy Symptoms

Pet allergies may appear within minutes of exposure or develop gradually over time, affecting the respiratory tract, skin, and eyes.

Here are the most common pet allergy symptoms:

• Repeated sneezing or coughing
• Nasal congestion and a runny nose
• Itchy, red, or watery eyes
• Postnasal drip and sore throat
• Wheezing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath
• Skin rashes, hives, or eczema flare-ups
• Fatigue or sleep disturbances due to nasal blockage

In people with asthma, pet allergens can trigger severe respiratory symptoms or worsen asthma attacks.

Pet Allergy Causes & Risk Factors

Pet allergies occur because of a hypersensitive immune response. The body identifies certain animal proteins as threats, releasing histamine and other chemicals that cause inflammation.

Key risk factors include:

• Genetics: A family history of allergies or asthma increases risk.
• Prolonged exposure: Living with pets from early childhood can sometimes trigger allergic sensitisation.
• Indoor environment: Poor ventilation allows allergens to accumulate.
• Other allergies: Individuals who are allergic to dust, pollen, or mould are more likely to develop pet allergies.
• Weakened immune systems: Chronic illnesses or weakened immunity may heighten sensitivity.

Children raised in homes with multiple animals are particularly prone to developing pet-related allergies. However, some studies suggest that early exposure may also build tolerance in certain cases.

Examinations and Tests to Diagnose Pet Allergies

Proper diagnosis ensures you receive the right treatment and can safely manage daily life with your pets.

Your doctor or allergist may recommend the following:

• Skin Prick Test: Small amounts of allergen extracts are applied to the skin, and reactions like redness or swelling indicate sensitivity.
• Blood Test (Specific IgE Test): Measures antibody levels with the IgE Total Test - Antibody against pet allergens.
• Animal Allergy Test: Detects reactions to a broad range of animal allergens, including cat, dog, and rodent dander.
• Dog Dander Allergy Test: Allergen, Individual-Animal Dog Dander Serum test specifically screens for allergic responses to dog dander.
• Pulmonary Function Test: Evaluates lung function if you have respiratory issues or asthma-like symptoms. Your doctor may also recommend tests such as the Asthma/Rhinitis Comprehensive Panel.

Pet Allergy Treatment Options

Once confirmed, treatment focuses on symptom control and reducing exposure. There’s no complete cure for pet allergies, but several effective methods can minimize discomfort.

Medications for Pet Allergy Relief

• Antihistamines: Relieve sneezing, itching, and a runny nose.
• Nasal corticosteroids: Reduce nasal inflammation and congestion.
• Decongestants: Provide short-term relief for nasal blockage.
• Leukotriene modifiers: Help control asthma-related symptoms.
• Eye drops: Soothe red, itchy eyes caused by pet allergens.

Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy)

According to a study published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), immunotherapy, or allergy shots, is a long-term treatment option that gradually desensitises your immune system. Regular injections expose your body to small doses of allergens, helping it develop tolerance over time.

This approach is highly effective for individuals with severe or persistent pet allergies who are unable to avoid exposure to pets.

Home & Lifestyle Strategies for Managing Pet Allergy

Managing a pet allergy doesn’t mean giving up your furry friend. With a few smart lifestyle changes—like limiting animal dander, improving air quality, and maintaining regular cleaning—you can reduce allergens at home and breathe more comfortably.

Reducing Pet Dander Indoors

Reducing allergens in your home environment is essential.

Try the following strategies:

• Keep pets out of your bedroom and sleeping areas.
• Install HEPA air purifiers to trap airborne allergens.
• Use vacuum cleaners with HEPA filters.
• Bathe and brush your pet frequently (preferably by someone non-allergic).
• Wash curtains, bedding, and rugs regularly.
• Replace carpets with wooden, vinyl, or tiled flooring.
• Clean walls, furniture, and vents to prevent the buildup of dander.

Choosing Low-Allergen Pets

While no breed is completely safe, certain animals are considered more manageable:

• Dogs: Poodles, Portuguese Water Dogs, and Schnauzers shed less.
• Cats: Siberian and Balinese cats may produce lower levels of Fel d 1.
• Non-furry pets: Fish, turtles, or reptiles are generally considered allergy-friendly companions.

Selecting a low-allergen pet can significantly reduce symptom severity while allowing you to enjoy companionship.

When to See a Doctor or Allergist

Consult a healthcare professional if your symptoms:

• Persist for more than a week
• Worsens with exposure to animals
• Interfere with your breathing or sleep

If you experience wheezing, chest tightness, or frequent coughing, it may indicate allergic asthma—a condition requiring prompt medical attention.

Your doctor may recommend allergy testing and personalised treatment, including medication or immunotherapy.

Living with Pets When You Have Allergies

Living with pets and managing allergies is possible with the right precautions.

Here’s how you can make it work:

• Restrict pets to certain areas of your home
• Keep furniture and bedding allergen-free
• Wash your hands and change clothes after handling pets
• Maintain good indoor air circulation
• Regularly groom and bathe your pet

If symptoms persist, consult your doctor about long-term management plans.

Prevention Tips for Pet Allergy

Even if you’re not allergic, it’s wise to take preventive measures to reduce risk and exposure:

• Avoid direct contact with pets known to cause reactions
• Vacuum frequently using HEPA filters
• Wash your hands after touching animals
• Keep windows open for fresh air
• Avoid smoking indoors, as it worsens allergy symptoms
• Schedule routine cleaning and air filter maintenance

Conclusion

A pet allergy doesn’t have to mean saying goodbye to your beloved animal companion. With early diagnosis, appropriate medication, and lifestyle adjustments, you can control symptoms and enjoy a healthy relationship with your pet. Metropolis Healthcare offers comprehensive diagnostic support through advanced tests, including a wide range of animal allergy panels and IgE assays.

With 4,000+ tests, NABL & CAP-accredited labs, expert pathologists, and 10,000+ touchpoints across India, Metropolis ensures accurate results, quick report turnaround, and home sample collection for your comfort.

Because every breath matters—get tested, stay informed, and live comfortably with your pets.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How do you know if you are allergic to your pet?

If you experience sneezing, itchy eyes, or congestion after coming into contact with pets or being in their surroundings, you may be allergic. Confirm the diagnosis with an Animal Allergy Test or a Dog Dander Allergy Test for accurate results.

Can pet allergies go away over time?

In most people, pet allergies do not completely go away. However, symptoms may lessen with proper management, limited exposure, or immunotherapy.

What is the best treatment for pet allergies?

• Avoiding exposure
• Using antihistamines and nasal sprays
• Considering immunotherapy for long-term relief
• Maintaining a clean home environment

Are there hypoallergenic pets?

No pet is 100% hypoallergenic, but some breeds produce fewer allergens or shed less. Choosing such breeds may help minimise allergic reactions.

Can pet allergies cause asthma or breathing problems?

Yes. Long-term exposure to pet allergens can worsen existing asthma or even trigger new respiratory issues, especially in children and older adults.

How can I reduce pet dander naturally?

• Brush and bathe your pet regularly
• Maintain indoor humidity between 30–50%
• Use natural air purifiers like indoor plants
• Vacuum often and wash fabrics frequently

Should I remove my pet if I have allergies?

Removing your pet is a last resort. With proper cleaning habits, medication, and regular testing, most pet owners can effectively manage symptoms while maintaining their pets' health.

References

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535367/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/allergy-shots/about/pac-20392876

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pet-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352192

https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/pet-allergies/

https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/pet-allergy