Hyaluronic Acid: What It Is & Why It Matters for Your Health

What Is Hyaluronic Acid?

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG), a type of sugar molecule that is naturally produced by our bodies, mainly in the skin, eyes, and joints. It's a chief component of the extracellular matrix — the intricate network of molecules surrounding our cells. HA's unique structure allows it to attract and hold onto water, making it a key player in giving tissues hydration, lubrication, and elasticity.

Some quick facts about what hyaluronic acid is:

• The human body contains about 15 grams of HA, with the highest concentrations in the skin, joints, and eyes.
• It acts as a hydrating agent, keeping tissues moist and lubricated.
• HA is a 'hydrating molecule' and can bind up to 1000 times its weight in water!
• The body constantly synthesises, degrades, and recycles HA to maintain tissue balance and hydration.
• It helps maintain skin elasticity, smoothness, and plumpness, making it a key ingredient in many skincare products.

How Hyaluronic Acid Works in the Body

Hyaluronic acid's magic lies in its incredible capacity to bind water. When HA molecules meet H₂O, they form a viscous, gel-like substance that:

• Retains moisture
• Increases tissue volume and elasticity
• Provides protective cushioning
• Supports cellular functions

Here's how hyaluronic acid works in different parts of the body:

• Skin: HA is a major component of the dermis, where it hydrates, plumps, and supports skin's barrier function. With age, the skin's hyaluronic acid content declines, contributing to dryness, fine lines, and loss of firmness.
• Joints: HA is a key ingredient in synovial fluid, the thick liquid that lubricates and cushions your joints. In healthy joints, high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid provides shock absorption and smooth movement. In osteoarthritis, hyaluronic acid becomes degraded, and joint lubrication is compromised.
• Eyes: The vitreous humour, or gel-like substance inside the eyeballs, is largely composed of hyaluronic acid. It gives eyes their shape and supports visual clarity. Our tear film also contains hyaluronic acid for hydration and comfort.

How Can We Take Hyaluronic Acid?

There are several ways to incorporate hyaluronic acid benefits into your health and beauty routine:

• Topical skincare: Serums, creams, and masks containing hyaluronic acid can hydrate the skin's surface and improve the appearance of fine lines. Look for products with a mix of high- and low-molecular-weight HA for optimal penetration.
• Oral supplements: HA is available in capsule or liquid form for ingestion. While research is limited, some studies suggest oral hyaluronic acid may improve skin hydration and relieve joint discomfort. Check with your doctor before starting any new supplement.
• Injectables: For more dramatic effects, HA-based dermal fillers can be injected into the skin to restore volume and minimise wrinkles. Trained medical professionals can also inject hyaluronic acid into osteoarthritic joints for added cushioning and pain relief.
• Eye drops: HA-containing eye drops or gels can help relieve dry eye symptoms by replenishing moisture and supporting a healthy tear film.

How Does Hyaluronic Acid Interact With Other Products?

When it comes to skincare, hyaluronic acid plays well with most other ingredients. In fact, it's often combined with complementary actives for enhanced benefits:

• Vitamin C: This antioxidant powerhouse can boost collagen production and brighten skin tone. Pairing it with hyaluronic acid can provide both protective and hydrating perks.
• Retinol: While this vitamin A derivative is prized for its anti-ageing effects, it can also be drying. Adding hyaluronic acid can help counteract irritation and flaking.
• Moisturising ingredients: HA works together with other humectants like glycerin and emollients like ceramides to attract and seal in hydration.

As for injectables, your doctor will guide you on hyaluronic acid treatments, combining other procedures like lasers or neuromodulators to ensure optimal safety and results.

Forms & Ways to Use Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid can be in many shapes and sizes — molecularly speaking! Here are the most common forms and their uses:

• Hydrolysed HA: Broken down into smaller fragments, this low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid can penetrate the skin's surface for deep hydration. It's often used in serums and lightweight lotions.
• Sodium hyaluronate: The salt form of hyaluronic acid, this version is more stable and less likely to oxidise. You'll often spot it on skincare labels.
• Cross-linked HA: Chemically modified to have a thicker texture, cross-linked hyaluronic acid is commonly used in dermal fillers for longer-lasting plumping effects.
• High-molecular-weight HA: This hyaluronic acid is of a heftier structure, ideal for creating a protective moisture barrier on the skin's surface. It's a staple in rich creams and ointments.

Scientific Evidence & Safety

Numerous studies support HA's benefits for skin hydration, joint health, and dry eye relief.

Here are some interesting studies on hyaluronic acid:

• A 2014 review found that HA-based dermal fillers effectively treated facial wrinkles and folds, with results lasting up to 12 months.
• In a 2012 trial, oral hyaluronic acid supplementation significantly increased skin moisture and elasticity after just 6 weeks.
• A 2015 meta-analysis concluded that hyaluronic acid injections were a safe and effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis, providing pain relief and functional improvement.
• Multiple studies have shown that HA-containing eye drops can improve dry eye symptoms and tear film stability.

As for safety, hyaluronic acid is generally well-tolerated when used appropriately. Topical hyaluronic acid skincare rarely causes irritation, although patch testing is always wise. The most common side effects of hyaluronic acid injections are temporary swelling and bruising at the injection site. As with any medical procedure, choosing a qualified provider and communicating your full health history is key.

How to Use It Safely

If you are ready to give hyaluronic acid a try, then keep these tips in mind for safe and effective use:

• Start slow: When introducing any new skincare product, it's best to do a patch test and gradually increase frequency to gauge tolerance.
• Seal it in: Apply hyaluronic acid serums to damp skin and lock in moisture with an occlusive moisturiser to maximise hydration.
• Protect your skin: HA itself does not increase UV sensitivity, but well-hydrated skin can still be vulnerable to sun damage. Always pair HA use with sunscreen for overall skin protection.
• Consult the pros: Before trying hyaluronic acid supplements or injectables, talk to your doctor to weigh the potential risks and benefits for your individual needs.

Conclusion

From plumping fine lines to cushioning joints, hyaluronic acid is a versatile and valuable molecule for supporting our bodies' hydration and function. Whether you want to revitalise your complexion, soothe dry eyes, or improve joint mobility, hyaluronic acid usage can help you look and feel your best.

At Metropolis Healthcare, we share the same commitment to your well-being—empowering you with the knowledge, tools, and accurate diagnostic testing needed to make informed health decisions. Our team of expert pathologists and technicians offers everything from routine check-ups to advanced blood work, supporting your journey towards optimal health.

FAQs

What does hyaluronic acid do for skin?

HA is a powerful humectant that attracts and retains moisture in the skin. By plumping up the dermis, hyaluronic acid can help smooth fine lines, restore elasticity, and support a healthy skin barrier.

Which is better, vitamin C or hyaluronic acid?

Vitamin C and hyaluronic acid are the dynamic duo of skincare! Vitamin C is an antioxidant that can brighten tone and boost collagen, while hyaluronic acid hydrates and plumps. Using them together can provide comprehensive anti-ageing benefits.

Is hyaluronic acid ok for daily use?

Absolutely! In fact, consistent use of hyaluronic acid skincare can help maintain optimal hydration levels. As with any product, introduce it gradually and adjust frequency as needed.

Which is better, hyaluronic acid or niacinamide?

Hyaluronic acid and niacinamide are superstar ingredients that offer unique perks. Hyaluronic acid attracts moisture, while niacinamide strengthens the skin's barrier and regulates oil production. Many people find using them together gives skin a healthy, balanced glow.

Is hyaluronic acid safe?

HA is generally considered safe for all skin types when used as directed. It's non-irritating and unlikely to cause allergic reactions. As with any new skincare product, patch testing is recommended.

Is hyaluronic acid good for acne?

While hyaluronic acid isn't an acne treatment per se, it can be a helpful addition to your breakout-busting routine. By keeping skin hydrated, hyaluronic acid can help counteract the drying effects of acne medications and support the skin's natural healing process. Look for non-comedogenic formulas to avoid clogging pores.

Does hyaluronic acid work?

Numerous scientific studies have demonstrated HA's effectiveness in improving skin hydration, elasticity, and appearance. Although individual results may vary depending on your unique skin type and concerns.

What are the side effects or risks of hyaluronic acid?

Topical hyaluronic acid is very well tolerated, with a low risk of side effects. Some people may experience mild irritation or redness, especially if using a product with a high concentration of hyaluronic acid. Injectable hyaluronic acid fillers carry a slightly higher risk of side effects like bruising, swelling, or infection, but serious complications are rare when performed by a qualified provider.

Should hyaluronic acid be applied to damp skin?

Yes, hyaluronic acid should be applied to damp skin to boost hydration. It helps lock in moisture more effectively when the skin is not fully dry. Hence, applying it to dry skin may draw moisture out from deeper skin layers, leading to dryness.

Is oral hyaluronic acid as effective as topical applications?

Both oral and topical hyaluronic acid help improve skin hydration and appearance. However, certain studies show topical application gives faster, visible results, while oral supplements promote overall skin health with gradual effects. So, Oral HA supplements may support skin hydration over time, but evidence is less robust than for topical HA. Topical products generally provide faster, visible effects, while oral supplements remain under study for anti-ageing and skin regeneration.