Cervix: Functions, Health, And Common Concerns

Are you feeling uncertain about your cervix and its health? It’s completely normal to have questions about this important part of your body. The cervix plays a crucial role in your overall well-being, and understanding its functions can help ease any concerns. 

In this blog, we will explore its purpose, common health issues, and how to look after it. With the right knowledge, you can feel confident about your health and take proactive steps towards maintaining it. Let’s get in and clear up any confusion.

What Is the Cervix?

The cervix is a cylindrical structure located at the lower part of the uterus in the female reproductive system. It serves as a gateway between the vagina and the uterus. It plays a critical role in menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth.

During pregnancy, the cervix helps keep the developing baby in place by remaining closed and firm. The mucus plug formed in the cervix also helps reduce the risk of infections reaching the uterus. It also produces mucus that changes throughout the menstrual cycle to help or hinder sperm entry.

Who Has a Cervix?

A cervix is present in anyone with a uterus, typically in individuals assigned female at birth. Those who undergo gender-affirming surgery may not have a cervix if they have had certain gender-affirming procedures. 

It's essential to note that the cervix is part of the female reproductive system and plays a vital role in fertility, pregnancy, and general reproductive health.

Function of the Cervix

The cervix function is crucial for a variety of reasons, making it an essential part of the female reproductive system.

• Menstrual flow regulation: It allows menstrual blood to flow from the uterus into the vagina.
• Barriers to infection: The cervix produces mucus, acting as a barrier against infections that might enter the uterus.
• Sperm entry: During ovulation, the cervix’s mucus becomes thinner to facilitate sperm passage into the uterus, increasing the chances of conception.
• Support during pregnancy: During pregnancy, the cervix stays closed to help keep the baby inside. As labour approaches, it softens and dilates, allowing the baby to pass through the birth canal.
• Labour and delivery: The cervix plays a central role in childbirth, stretching and expanding to allow the baby’s passage during delivery.

These functions ensure that the cervix is vital to your reproductive health, particularly in regulating menstruation, protecting against infections, and enabling childbirth.

What Is the Purpose of Your Cervix?

The purpose of your cervix is multi-faceted and is integral to your reproductive health.

• Preventing infections: The cervix produces mucus that helps protect the uterus from infections.
• Menstrual health: It allows menstrual blood to flow from the uterus during your period, helping to regulate your cycle.
• Aiding reproduction: During ovulation, cervical mucus changes in consistency, making it easier for sperm to travel up into the uterus to fertilise an egg.
• Supporting pregnancy: The cervix remains tightly closed during pregnancy to protect the developing baby. As you approach labour, the cervix softens and dilates to allow for childbirth.
• Enabling conception: The cervix’s mucus changes texture throughout the menstrual cycle to either aid or hinder sperm entry, making it an important player in fertility.

These varied functions reflect how the cervix’s purpose goes beyond simple anatomy – it is a critical organ in maintaining reproductive health and fertility.

Where Is Your Cervix Located?

Your cervix is located at the lower end of your uterus, connecting it to the top of your vagina. It can be found at the back of your vaginal canal.

• Positioning: Typically, the cervix is positioned in the centre of the vaginal vault, but may vary in position depending on the stage of your menstrual cycle or whether you're pregnant.
• Accessing the cervix: A healthcare provider may examine your cervix conditions during a pelvic exam by gently inserting a speculum into the vagina. At home, it’s possible to touch the cervix by inserting clean fingers into the vagina; however, it may be easier to reach at certain times in your menstrual cycle when the cervix is lower and softer.

Being aware of the cervix’s location and how it can change position helps track your menstrual cycle and overall health.

Can You Touch Your Cervix?

Yes, you can touch your cervix, though it might feel challenging or uncomfortable. The cervix is located at the top of the vaginal canal and can be reached by inserting clean fingers into the vagina.

• How it feels: When you touch your cervix, you may notice that it feels firm, round, and slightly textured, similar to the tip of your nose.
• When to check: You may find it easier to reach your cervix when it's lower in the vaginal canal, which typically occurs during ovulation or before menstruation.
• Why you might want to check: Some people check the cervix anatomy & position to track fertility or menstrual cycles. However, doing so frequently is unnecessary unless advised by a healthcare provider.

While touching your cervix is possible, it’s important to be gentle and ensure you’re practising proper hygiene to avoid introducing infections.

What Is Your Cervix Made of?

The cervix anatomy consists of different types of tissues, each contributing to its crucial role in the body.

• Fibrous tissue: The cervix contains a high amount of collagen and elastin fibres, which give it structure and flexibility.
• Muscle tissue: The cervix has a smooth muscle layer that allows it to dilate and contract during labour.
• Mucus-secreting cells: The inner canal of the cervix contains mucus-secreting glands. These glands produce different types of mucus depending on the menstrual cycle, aiding or hindering sperm entry.

Understanding what your cervix is made of helps explain its remarkable ability to stretch during childbirth while maintaining its protective function during pregnancy.

Common Conditions Related to the Cervix

Several conditions can affect the cervix, leading to discomfort or health concerns.

• Cervicitis: An inflammation of the cervix, often caused by infections like cervix infection (e.g., bacterial infections or STIs).
• Cervical dysplasia: Abnormal changes in the cervical cells, often related to HPV (Human Papillomavirus).
• Polyps: These are growths on the cervix that are usually non-cancerous but can cause abnormal bleeding.
• Cervical cancer: This is a severe condition often linked to persistent infection by high-risk strains of HPV. This is why regular screening, such as the HPV test, is important.
• Cervical stenosis: A narrowing of the cervix, which can cause menstrual issues or infertility.

Knowing the cervix conditions and being aware of symptoms like abnormal bleeding or pain can help in early detection and treatment.

Cervical Cancer and HPV

Cervical cancer is a serious condition that can result from long-term infection with high-risk strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). While it is often asymptomatic in its early stages, regular screenings like the HPV test can help detect it early and improve outcomes.

• HPV infection: Persistent infection with certain high-risk strains of HPV (such as HPV-16 and HPV-18) is responsible for most cases of cervical cancer. HPV is a common virus transmitted through sexual contact.
• Preventive measures: Vaccines are available to protect against the types of HPV that most commonly lead to cervical cancer.
• Screening and early detection: Regular Pap smears and HPV tests help detect precancerous changes in the cervix, allowing for early intervention.
• Treatment: If cervical cancer is detected, treatments can include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, depending on the stage of the cancer.

What Are Common Symptoms or Conditions Affecting Your Cervix?

Conditions affecting your cervix may cause various symptoms, including:

• Abnormal bleeding: Unexplained bleeding between periods or after sex may indicate conditions like cervicitis or cervical polyps.
• Pain or discomfort: Persistent pelvic pain or pain during intercourse could be a sign of cervix infection, cervical dysplasia, or other conditions.
• Unusual discharge: An increase in vaginal discharge, especially if it has a foul smell or unusual colour, can be linked to an infection in the cervix.
• Difficulty in conceiving: Issues like cervical stenosis or infections can impact fertility by blocking sperm from entering the uterus.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation.

What Are Common Tests to Check the Health of Your Cervix?

Regular tests help monitor the health of your cervix and detect any early signs of problems. Common tests include:

• Pap Smear: This test collects cells from the cervix to check for abnormal changes that could lead to cervical cancer.
• HPV Test: This test checks for the presence of high-risk HPV strains that could lead to cervical cancer.
• Pelvic Exam: This physical exam allows the doctor to check the cervix for signs of infection, growths, or abnormal changes.
• Colposcopy: If abnormal cells are detected, a colposcopy may be performed to get a closer look at the cervix using a special microscope.

These tests are essential for maintaining your cervical health and ensuring that any problems are addressed early.

What Are the Common Treatments for Your Cervix?

Treatment options for cervical conditions depend on the condition being treated.

• For Cervicitis: This condition is typically treated with antibiotics or antiviral medications, depending on the cause.
• For Cervical Dysplasia: If precancerous cells are found, treatment may involve procedures like cryotherapy, laser therapy, or a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).
• For Cervical Cancer: Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are commonly used to treat cervical cancer. Early-stage cancer may be treated with surgery alone, while advanced stages may require a combination of treatments.
• For HPV Infection: Vaccination can prevent infection with high-risk HPV types most commonly linked to cervical cancer. In many cases, the body’s immune system clears HPV on its own without treatment, but monitoring is important.

Lifestyle Tips to Keep Your Cervix Healthy

Maintaining cervical health involves adopting healthy lifestyle choices, including:

• Regular screenings: Regular Pap smears and HPV tests help detect changes in the cervix early, allowing for timely intervention.
• Safe sexual practices: Using condoms can reduce the risk of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections that affect the cervix.
• Healthy diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall reproductive health.
• Vaccination: HPV vaccines can protect against the strains of the virus most commonly associated with cervical cancer.

When to See a Gynaecologist?

You should see a gynaecologist if you experience:

• Abnormal bleeding: If you experience bleeding outside of your normal menstrual cycle or after intercourse, it’s important to get checked.
• Pelvic pain or discomfort: Any unusual or persistent pelvic pain should be evaluated.
• Difficulty conceiving: If you’ve been trying to conceive for an extended period without success, it may be time to consult with a gynaecologist.
• Abnormal discharge or odour: Unusual discharge that has a foul smell or changes in consistency can be a sign of an infection.

If you have any concerns about your cervix function or overall reproductive health, don’t hesitate to make an appointment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the cervix and its functions is essential for maintaining good reproductive health. From its role in menstruation to its crucial part in pregnancy and childbirth, the cervix plays an invaluable role in your health. 

Recognising symptoms, getting regular screenings, and following a healthy lifestyle can significantly contribute to your well-being.

For professional and reliable diagnostic services, including comprehensive health screenings, Metropolis Healthcare offers expert services. With over 40 years of experience and a team of senior pathologists, they ensure accurate results with convenient home visits. You can trust Metropolis Healthcare for all your diagnostic needs.

FAQs

How big is your cervix?

The cervix is typically 2.5 to 3 cm in length. Its width can vary, but in most women it measures about 2.5 cm across; however, these dimensions can change with age, childbirth, and hormonal status.

How do I know if something is wrong with my cervix?

Signs like abnormal bleeding, unusual discharge, pelvic pain, or discomfort during intercourse may indicate a problem with the cervix.

Can we touch the cervix with a finger?

Yes, you can touch your cervix by inserting clean fingers into the vagina, though it may be challenging for some individuals.

What happens if your cervix is touched?

Touching the cervix usually doesn’t cause harm, but it may feel uncomfortable. It’s best done with clean hands to prevent infection.

How often should you get a Pap smear?

It’s recommended to get a Pap smear every 3 years after turning 21, or as advised by your healthcare provider.