Malaria Vs Dengue: How to Know What's Causing the Fever

Dengue and malaria are two common mosquito-borne illnesses that often present with similar flu-like symptoms, making it challenging to tell them apart. However, understanding the key differences between malaria and dengue is crucial for getting an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. In this article, we'll explore how malaria vs. dengue symptoms compare, the distinct features of each disease, and what you need to know to protect your health.

Differences Between Dengue and Malaria

Both dengue fever and malaria are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, putting millions at risk. According to the World Health Organisation, there are an estimated 229 million malaria cases and over 4 million severe dengue cases worldwide each year.

While dengue and malaria share some overlapping symptoms, there are several important distinctions to be aware of:

Let's dive deeper into some of the main points that can help differentiate malaria vs. dengue symptoms and guide the diagnostic process.

Fever Patterns

One clue that can point to either dengue fever or malaria symptoms is the pattern of fever:

• In malaria, fever often occurs in cycles, with episodes of high fever alternating with periods of normal temperature. Each fever spike is typically accompanied by chills and sweating.
• Dengue usually causes a sudden onset of high fever (40°C/104°F) that is more continuous in nature.

Associated Symptoms

Besides fever, other signs and symptoms can provide hints about which infection you might have:

• Malaria is frequently associated with flu-like symptoms such as headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. As the disease progresses, it can lead to anaemia, jaundice, and an enlarged spleen.
• Dengue fever is characterised by severe headache (especially behind the eyes), skin rash, and intense muscle and joint pain, giving rise to its nickname "breakbone fever".

Effect on Blood Cells

Dengue and malaria impact different components of the blood:

• Malaria parasites infect and destroy red blood cells, leading to anaemia (low red blood cell count).
• The dengue virus suppresses bone marrow and leads to low platelet count (thrombocytopenia), increasing the risk of bleeding.

Severe Complications

Both diseases can progress to severe, life-threatening forms if left untreated:

• Malaria can lead to cerebral malaria (brain infection), kidney failure, pulmonary oedema, and multi-organ failure.
• Severe dengue may cause dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, marked by severe bleeding, fluid accumulation, and circulatory collapse.

Conclusion

Distinguishing between dengue and malaria based on symptoms alone can be tricky, as there is significant overlap in the early stages. The key is to be aware of the difference between malaria and dengue in terms of fever patterns, associated symptoms, blood cell effects, and potential complications. If you develop a fever along with any warning signs of either disease, it's essential to see a healthcare provider promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Metropolis Healthcare offers a range of blood tests that can detect markers of dengue and malaria, helping ensure early diagnosis and timely medical care. With a simple blood draw in the comfort of your home, Metropolis' trained technicians ensure your samples are carefully processed using state-of-the-art techniques. Take charge of your health today.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can one be infected by malaria after dengue?

Yes, it's possible to contract malaria after recovering from dengue fever. Since the two diseases are caused by different pathogens, there is no cross-protection between them. If you're exposed to mosquitoes carrying malaria parasites after a bout of dengue, you can potentially develop malaria.

What type of virus causes dengue?

Dengue is caused by the dengue virus, which belongs to the flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. There are four distinct dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4), and infection with one serotype does not provide immunity against the others.

Is dengue worse than malaria?

The severity of malaria vs. dengue symptoms can vary depending on factors like the specific pathogen strain, the person's immune status, and access to proper medical care. Malaria, especially falciparum malaria, can quickly become life-threatening if not treated promptly with antimalarial medication. Dengue also has the potential to progress to severe forms like dengue haemorrhagic fever. Both warrant urgent medical attention.

How long does chikungunya last in your body?

Chikungunya symptoms typically last 3-10 days, but some people may experience prolonged joint pain and fatigue for weeks to months after the initial infection. Unlike dengue and malaria, chikungunya rarely causes severe complications and fatalities.

What is the difference between dengue and chikungunya?

Dengue and chikungunya are both transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and cause similar symptoms like fever, headache, and joint pain. However, the joint pain is often more severe and persistent in chikungunya. Dengue can lead to severe complications like haemorrhage and shock, while chikungunya rarely causes major complications.

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