Chikungunya Virus - Symptoms, Treatment, Causes and Prevention

A sudden joint pain or fever can be concerning, especially when the cause is unclear. Chikungunya is a virus spread by mosquitoes that can lead to these symptoms, often appearing a few days after a bite. 

While the discomfort can be strong, especially in your joints, most people recover within a week. There’s no need to panic—supportive care and rest are usually enough. Knowing how the virus works and how to protect yourself can help you feel more in control and at ease.

What is Chikungunya?

Chikungunya is a viral infection that spreads to humans through mosquito bites. It’s caused by the chikungunya virus, which can lead to a sudden onset of chikungunya fever, joint pain, and other symptoms that may feel intense but are usually not life-threatening. You may begin to notice symptoms a few days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. 

While the illness can be uncomfortable, especially because of the joint pain, most people start to feel better within a week. There’s currently no specific cure, but care and rest help ease the symptoms. Understanding this illness and knowing how to manage it can reduce your worry and support a smoother recovery.

Are Chikungunya and Dengue the Same Thing?

No, they are not the same illness, although both are spread by the same type of mosquito. The symptoms of chikungunya and dengue can be similar—like fever, rash, and joint or muscle pain—but there are important differences. Chikungunya tends to cause more intense joint pain, which can last for weeks or even months. 

Dengue, on the other hand, may involve bleeding issues or a sudden drop in platelet levels. Because the two illnesses can appear so alike at first, proper testing and diagnosis are essential. It’s important not to assume but to get checked by a healthcare provider.

What Are The Chikungunya Symptoms?

If you've been bitten by a mosquito and start feeling unwell, it’s natural to be concerned. Most people infected with the virus develop symptoms a few days later. Here are some common chikungunya symptoms to look out for:

• Fever: This usually starts suddenly and can be quite high.
• Severe joint pain: Often affects the hands, wrists, ankles, and knees. It may feel intense and limit movement.
• Muscle pain: General body ache can make you feel fatigued.
• Headache: A common early symptom.
• Fatigue: You might feel unusually tired even after resting.
• Nausea: Some people may feel sick or lose their appetite.
• Swelling of joints: This may happen along with the pain.
• Rash: A red rash might appear on the skin during the course of the illness.

Symptoms usually last for 7–10 days, although joint pain can last longer in some people. It’s important to stay well hydrated and get rest.

What Causes Chikungunya?

The causes of chikungunya are linked to infected mosquito bites. Once bitten, the virus enters your body and starts to spread.

• Mosquito transmission: The primary cause is the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito.
• Time of day: These mosquitoes bite mostly during the day, especially early morning and late afternoon.
• Environment: Areas with standing water (like flower pots, buckets, and puddles) are breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
• Seasonal risk: Warmer and wetter seasons often see more mosquito activity.
• Lack of mosquito control: Places with fewer mosquito control measures may have a higher risk of infection.
• No direct human-to-human transmission: You cannot catch chikungunya from someone else by touching or being near them.
• Rare blood transmission: Though extremely rare, the virus may be transmitted through infected blood.

Being aware of these causes helps in taking the right preventive steps.

What Are The Risk Factors For Chikungunya?

Anyone can get infected, but some people are more likely to develop severe symptoms or complications.

• Newborns: Babies born to infected mothers may be at greater risk during delivery.
• Older adults: Ageing affects immunity and can lead to a tougher recovery.
• People with chronic conditions: Those with diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease may have a more difficult experience.
• Travel to outbreak regions: Visiting areas where the virus is common increases your risk.
• Living in mosquito-prone areas: Places with dense mosquito populations increase the chance of being bitten.
• Lack of protective measures: Not using mosquito repellent or nets can raise your chances of infection.
• Weakened immune system: This may delay recovery or worsen symptoms.

Knowing your risk helps you stay prepared and take early action when needed.

What Are The Complications For Chikungunya?

Most people recover well, but some may experience lingering or more serious issues.

• Chronic joint pain: Pain and stiffness may persist for weeks or months, especially in older adults.
• Eye problems: In rare cases, inflammation of the eye can occur.
• Neurological issues: Some may experience memory problems, headaches, or nerve pain.
• Heart complications: In very rare cases, the virus may affect heart function.
• Skin changes: Skin may become discoloured or more sensitive in certain areas.
• Mental health strain: Ongoing pain or fatigue may lead to stress or low mood.
• Delayed recovery: If you already have health issues, it may take longer to feel well again.
• Infection in newborns: If a baby is infected during birth, they may need special care.

If symptoms continue for a long time, speak with your doctor for further support.

Diagnosis And Tests Of Chikungunya

If you suspect you have the virus, seeing a healthcare provider is a key step.

• Describe your symptoms: Make a note of when they started and how they’ve changed.
• Mention recent travel: Let your doctor know if you’ve been to an area where chikungunya virus is known to spread.
• Physical exam: Your doctor may look for signs like joint swelling, rash, or fever.
• Blood tests: These are used to check for antibodies or the virus in your blood.
• RT PCR test: A chikungunya RT PCR test detects the virus's genetic material early in the illness.
• Differential testing: Other diseases like dengue or Zika may have similar symptoms, so you might be tested for them too.
• Chikungunya test price: This can vary by clinic and location. In most areas, your doctor can guide you to the right test within your budget.
• Timely diagnosis: Getting diagnosed early helps in managing symptoms better and avoiding complications.

Chikungunya Treatment

Prevention of Chikungunya starts with avoiding mosquito bites. The prevention can be done in the following ways:

• During "mosquito season" and when travelling to epidemically affected countries, use a variety of repellents, including products with DEET, Para methane diol, picaridin, IR3535, and lemon eucalyptus oil. All of the above can be quite effective, but be sure to follow the instructions on the package.
• Try to choose accommodation with mosquito nets on the windows or air conditioning when travelling. You can install mosquito nets on windows, doors, and above the bed for added protection.
• Wear long sleeves and trousers. If the skin is covered as much as possible with clothes, you will be less attractive to mosquitoes. In addition, their proboscis passes through clothes with difficulty, if at all.
• Read about Chikungunya before you travel. Find out in advance when to take extra precautions. At the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, you can learn more about where this infection occurs and its epidemics.
• If you are travelling to areas where Chikungunya is common, use additional methods to prevent mosquito bites. For example, ensure the hotel has mosquito nets or air conditioners and gets plenty of quality repellents. If you're going to be outdoors, use coils, sprays, insect repellants, citronella candles, and mosquito traps. Use all possible protection methods simultaneously, as any one will always be insufficient.
• Be especially vigilant during daytime activities. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the two mosquito species most commonly spreading Chikungunya and are most active during the day. Protect babies and young children. If you are traveling or going outside with small children, take additional precautions to prevent mosquito bites.
• Dehydration is a common complication of Chikungunya. Therefore, it is essential to drink enough fluids when you have this infection. If you have a fever, drink plenty of fluids such as water, juice, and soup. You can also use an electrolyte solution to replace the lost fluids and minerals.
• If you have an underlying medical condition such as heart disease, diabetes, or high blood pressure, be sure to follow your doctor's instructions. These conditions can complicate the course of Chikungunya and lead to serious complications.

How To Prevent Chikungunya?

The best way to protect yourself is by preventing mosquito bites. Here are some simple and effective methods:

• Use insect repellent: Choose products approved by safety authorities and follow usage instructions.
• Wear protective clothing: Long sleeves and trousers can help keep mosquitoes off your skin.
• Use mosquito nets: Especially important while sleeping, particularly for infants and older adults.
• Limit standing water: Mosquitoes breed in still water, so empty containers around your home regularly.
• Use screens: Keep windows and doors screened to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home.
• Stay indoors during peak hours: Mosquitoes are most active at dawn and dusk.
• Vaccination: New vaccines are becoming available for those at higher risk. Speak to your healthcare provider about whether it’s suitable for you.
• Be alert while travelling: Take extra care in areas with known outbreaks.

By staying aware and using these simple strategies, you can greatly reduce your risk of getting chikungunya fever.

Conclusion

Staying informed about the chikungunya virus—its signs, causes of chikungunya, and recovery options—helps you respond calmly and effectively. Early testing plays a key role in managing chikungunya fever and avoiding complications. 

If you need reliable diagnostics, including the chikungunya RT PCR test, Metropolis Healthcare offers accurate results, expert guidance, and convenient home collection services—making it easier for you to prioritise your health with confidence.

FAQs

Is there a cure/vaccine for chikungunya?

There’s no specific cure, but treatment helps relieve symptoms. A vaccine is available in some places for high-risk individuals. Rest and care support full recovery.

Is it contagious?

Chikungunya doesn’t spread from person to person. It’s transmitted through mosquito bites. However, during the first week, infected people can spread it to mosquitoes.

What can I expect if I have chikungunya?

You may experience fever, joint pain, and fatigue. Most people recover in a week, but joint discomfort might continue for weeks or even months.

What not to eat during chikungunya?

Avoid oily, spicy, or processed foods. Stick to light, nutritious meals like fruits, vegetables, soups, and hydrating fluids to support recovery and reduce inflammation.

How many days does chikungunya fever last?

Chikungunya fever usually lasts between 3 to 7 days. However, joint pain or fatigue may linger for several weeks after the fever subsides completely.

Does chikungunya affect the lungs?

Lung involvement is extremely rare. Chikungunya mostly affects joints, muscles, and sometimes the nervous system. Always consult a doctor if you experience breathing difficulties.

Does platelet count decrease in chikungunya?

Platelet count usually remains normal in chikungunya. A significant drop is more common in dengue. Always get proper testing to confirm the cause of symptoms.

Can a CBC test detect chikungunya?

A CBC test cannot specifically detect chikungunya but may show related signs like mild inflammation. Specific tests like the chikungunya RT PCR test confirm diagnosis.

In which fever do platelets decrease?

Platelet count typically drops in dengue fever, not chikungunya fever. If you notice low platelets, further testing is needed to rule out other infections.