What Do Period Blood Clots Mean? Causes and When to See a Doctor

Period blood clots are a common yet often misunderstood aspect of menstruation. While small clots during periods are generally normal, larger or more frequent clots may indicate an underlying health issue. Understanding the difference between normal and abnormal menstrual clots is crucial for maintaining reproductive health. This article will explore what period clots mean, their causes, and when it is necessary to consult a healthcare provider. 

Normal vs. Abnormal clothes 

Normal period clots are typically small, ranging from the size of a pea to a quarter, and occur occasionally during the heaviest days of menstruation. These clots form as a natural response to heavy bleeding, helping to prevent excessive blood loss. However, large clots during periods that are bigger than a quarter, occur frequently, or are accompanied by symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or irregular periods may signify an underlying issue that requires medical attention. 

Are blood clots during your period normal? 

Yes, small blood clots during menstruation are generally considered normal. They result from the natural coagulation process that occurs when menstrual blood accumulates in the uterus before being expelled. These clots are often dark red or brown in colour and can be observed in the toilet or on menstrual pads. 

What Causes Period Clots? 

Period blood clots form due to the body's natural coagulation process. During menstruation, the uterine lining sheds, causing small blood vessels to bleed. Plasma and platelets work together to create clots, especially when the menstrual flow is heavy and the blood has time to coagulate before leaving the body. Factors that can contribute to the formation of menstrual clots include: 

• Hormonal imbalances 

• Uterine abnormalities (e.g., fibroids, polyps) 

• Certain medications 

• Heavy menstrual bleeding 

When to Be Concerned About Period Blood Clots 

You should be concerned about period clots if you experience 

1. Large clots (bigger than a quarter) 
2. Frequent clotting throughout your period 
3. Heavy bleeding that soaks through pads or tampons every hour 
4. Pelvic pain or discomfort 
5. Irregular menstrual cycles 

What Do Large Blood Clots During the Period Mean? 

Large clots during periods can be a sign of an underlying health issue. Some conditions that may cause large menstrual clots include: 

• Uterine fibroids or polyps 

• Endometriosis 

• Adenomyosis 

• Hormonal imbalances 

• Miscarriage (in early pregnancy) 

What Are the Underlying Causes of Menstrual Clots? 

Several health conditions can lead to the formation of abnormal period blood clots: 

Uterine Polyps or Fibroids 

Uterine polyps and fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus. These growths can disrupt the normal shedding of the uterine lining, leading to heavy menstrual bleeding and large clots during periods. 

Endometriosis 

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. This abnormal growth can cause heavy periods, pelvic pain, and the formation of menstrual clots. 

Adenomyosis 

Adenomyosis occurs when the uterine lining grows into the muscular wall of the uterus. This condition can result in heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and large clots during periods. 

Hormonal Imbalances 

Hormonal imbalances, such as those caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders, can affect the normal menstrual cycle. These imbalances may lead to heavy bleeding and the formation of menstrual clots (pcos). 

Miscarriage 

In some cases, large clots during periods can be a sign of early miscarriage. If you suspect you may be pregnant and experience heavy bleeding with clots, consult a healthcare provider immediately. 

Enlarged Uterus  

An enlarged uterus, often caused by conditions like fibroids or adenomyosis, can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding and the formation of large clots during periods. 

Bleeding Disorders 

Bleeding disorders, such as von Willebrand disease or other coagulation disorders, can affect the body's ability to clot blood properly. This can result in heavy menstrual bleeding and the presence of period blood clots. 

When to See a Doctor?  

If you experience any of the following symptoms, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider: 

• Large clots during periods (bigger than a quarter) 

• Heavy bleeding that soaks through pads or tampons every hour 

• Persistent pelvic pain or discomfort 

• Irregular menstrual cycles 

• Unusual vaginal discharge 

What Are the Complications of Period Blood Clots? 

Complications associated with abnormal period clots include: 

• Anemia due to heavy blood loss 

• Chronic pelvic pain 

• Reduced quality of life 

How Is the Cause of Menstrual Clots Diagnosed?  

To determine the underlying cause of abnormal menstrual clots, your healthcare provider may: 

1. Review your medical history and menstrual cycle patterns 

1. Perform a physical examination, including a pelvic exam 

1. Order diagnostic tests, such as: 

• Ultrasound 

• MRI 

• Endometrial biopsy 

These tests can help identify conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, or hormonal imbalances that may be causing your period blood clots. 

How Are Menstrual Clots Treated?  

Treatment for abnormal period clots depends on the underlying cause. Options may include: 

1. Hormonal birth control: To regulate menstrual cycles and reduce heavy bleeding 
2. Medications: Such as tranexamic acid or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage heavy bleeding and pain 
3. Surgical procedures: To remove uterine fibroids, polyps, or endometrial tissue in cases of endometriosis or adenomyosis 
4. Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and managing stress can help alleviate symptoms 

Your healthcare provider will work with you to develop a personalised treatment plan based on your specific condition and needs. 

Conclusion  

While small period blood clots are normal, large or frequent clots may indicate an underlying health issue. If you experience abnormal menstrual clots, heavy bleeding, or persistent pelvic pain, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Metropolis Healthcare offers comprehensive diagnostic services, including at-home sample collection, to help you identify the cause of your period clots and receive the care you need. By prioritising your reproductive health and seeking timely medical attention, you can manage your symptoms and improve your overall well-being.