Genital Warts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Introduction: What are genital warts?

Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). These small, rough lumps or bumps appear in the genital area and can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding. If you suspect you have genital warts, it's essential to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available to manage this condition effectively. In this article, we'll provide you with a comprehensive guide to help you navigate the challenges of dealing with genital warts and take proactive steps towards maintaining your sexual health.

Where can genital warts appear?

Genital warts can develop on various parts of the genital region, including:

• Vulva
• Vagina
• Cervix
• Penis
• Scrotum
• Anus
• Groin area

In some cases, warts may also appear in the mouth or throat if oral sexual contact occurs with an infected person.

Who is at risk of getting genital warts?

Anyone who is sexually active can contract HPV and develop genital warts. However, certain factors can increase your risk, such as:

• Having unprotected sex
• Having multiple sexual partners
• Being under the age of 30
• Having a weakened immune system

How common are genital warts?

Genital warts are quite common, affecting millions of people worldwide each year. In fact, HPV is so widespread that most sexually active individuals will contract at least one type of the virus at some point in their lives. However, not everyone with HPV will develop visible warts. Many people have no genital warts symptoms and can unknowingly pass the virus to their sexual partners.

Are genital warts contagious?

Yes, genital warts are highly contagious and can spread through skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Even if warts are not visible, the virus can still be transmitted. Using condoms can reduce the risk of transmission but does not provide complete protection, as HPV can infect areas not covered by the condom.

Symptoms of genital warts

The symptoms of genital warts can vary from person to person, but common signs include:

• Small, flesh-colored or gray bumps in the genital area
• Warts that appear in clusters, resembling cauliflower
• Itching or discomfort in the affected area
• Bleeding during intercourse
• Increased vaginal discharge

It's important to note that some people with HPV infection may not develop visible warts or experience any genital warts symptoms. Regular check-ups with a doctor can help detect the presence of genital warts and ensure prompt treatment.

When do symptoms appear after exposure?

The incubation period for HPV genital warts can vary greatly from person to person. After initial exposure, warts may develop within a few weeks, but in many cases, they don't appear for months or even years. This is because the virus can remain dormant in the body before causing visible symptoms. As a result, it can be challenging to determine exactly when the infection occurred or who transmitted the virus.

What causes genital warts?

Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a group of over 150 related viruses. More specifically, genital warts causes include HPV strains 6 and 11, which are considered low-risk types. It's important to note that the HPV strains that cause genital warts are different from those that cause cervical cancer (strains 16 and 18).

HPV enters the body through microscopic abrasions in the skin or mucous membranes. Once inside, the virus can cause cells to grow abnormally, leading to the development of genital warts. It's important to understand that HPV infection is extremely common, and not all strains of the virus cause warts or pose significant health risks.

Diagnosis and testing for genital warts

If you notice any unusual bumps or growths in your genital area, it's essential to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor will usually diagnose genital warts through a visual examination of the affected area. In some cases, they may apply a solution to highlight the warts and make them more visible.

For women, a Pap smear can also detect cell changes caused by HPV, even if no warts are present. If abnormal cells are found, a colposcopy may be performed to take a closer look at the cervix.

Treatment options for genital warts

The treatment approach for genital warts depends on factors such as the size, location, and number of warts present. Your doctor will recommend the most suitable option based on your individual circumstances. Common genital warts treatment methods include:

1. Topical medications: Prescription creams or solutions containing ingredients like imiquimod or podophyllin can be applied directly to the warts to stimulate the immune system and promote healing.
2. Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the warts with liquid nitrogen, causing them to blister and fall off. Multiple treatment sessions may be necessary for complete removal.
3. Electrocautery: An electric current is used to burn off the warts, effectively destroying the affected tissue.
4. Laser therapy: Laser treatment can be employed to target and remove persistent or difficult-to-treat warts.
5. Surgical excision: In some cases, your doctor may recommend surgically cutting out the warts using a scalpel or scissors.

How long do genital warts last?

The duration of genital warts varies from person to person. In some cases, the body's immune system can clear the HPV infection within a few months, causing the warts to disappear on their own. However, for others, warts may persist for years or recur after genital warts treatment. Factors such as the individual's immune function and the specific HPV strain involved can influence the course of the infection.

Can genital warts return after treatment?

Yes, genital warts can recur after treatment because the underlying HPV infection may still be present in the body. Even if all visible warts are removed, the virus can remain dormant and cause new warts to develop months or even years later. This is why regular follow-up with a doctor is essential to monitor for recurrences.

What are the complications of genital warts?

In most cases, genital warts do not cause serious health problems. However, some potential complications include:

• Discomfort, itching, or pain in the genital area
• Bleeding from the warts
• Psychological distress or low self-esteem
• Increased risk of transmitting HPV to sexual partners

In rare cases, untreated genital warts can lead to blockages in the urinary tract or birth canal, requiring medical intervention.

Genital warts and cancer risk

It's important to note that the HPV strains that commonly cause genital warts (types 6 and 11) are not the same strains associated with cervical, anal, or oral cancers (types 16 and 18). While having genital warts does not directly increase your risk of developing these cancers, it's still crucial for women to attend regular cervical screenings and for all sexually active individuals to practice safe sex.

Pregnancy and genital warts: What to know?

If you're pregnant and have genital warts, it's crucial to inform your doctor. While most treatments for genital warts are not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the developing fetus, your doctor can guide you on the best course of action. In many cases, genital warts may resolve spontaneously after childbirth. The risk of transmitting HPV to your baby during delivery is low, but in rare instances, the virus can cause respiratory problems in the newborn.

How to prevent genital warts?

Preventing HPV infection is key to reducing your risk of developing genital warts. Here are some effective strategies for genital warts prevention:

• Get vaccinated: The HPV vaccine offers protection against the most common strains of the virus, including those that cause genital warts. Talk to your doctor about the appropriate vaccination schedule for you.
• Practice safe sex: Using condoms consistently and correctly during sexual activities can help reduce the risk of HPV transmission. However, keep in mind that condoms do not provide complete protection, as the virus can be present on areas not covered by the condom.
• Limit sexual partners: Engaging in sexual activities with multiple partners increases your risk of exposure to HPV and other STIs. Maintaining a monogamous relationship or limiting your number of sexual partners can help reduce your risk.
• Get regular check-ups: For women, routine cervical screenings can detect HPV-related changes early, even if no warts are present.

Living With genital warts

Receiving a genital warts diagnosis can be emotionally challenging, but remember that you're not alone. Millions of people worldwide manage this condition successfully. In addition to following your treatment plan, practicing self-care and open communication with sexual partners are essential. Joining support groups or seeking counselling can help you cope with any anxiety, shame, or relationship concerns.

When to see a doctor?

If you notice any unusual bumps, lesions, or changes in your genital area, it's crucial to consult a doctor promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment of genital warts can help prevent the spread of the virus and reduce the risk of complications. Additionally, if you experience persistent discomfort, pain, or bleeding in the affected area, seek medical attention to rule out other underlying conditions.

Conclusion: Staying safe and informed

Genital warts are a common STI that can be managed effectively with proper medical care and self-care strategies. By understanding the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and genital warts prevention tips, you can take control of your sexual health and make informed decisions. Remember, practicing safe sex, getting vaccinated, and attending regular check-ups are key to reducing your risk of HPV infection and related complications.

If you're concerned about genital warts or other STIs, don't hesitate to reach out to a trusted doctor. Metropolis Healthcare offers comprehensive diagnostic services, including at-home sample collection, to help you access the care you need conveniently and confidentially. With the right knowledge, support, and medical guidance, you can navigate this condition with confidence and prioritise your overall well-being.

FAQs about genital warts

How do you stop genital warts from spreading?

Practicing safe sex, getting vaccinated, and avoiding direct contact with warts can help prevent the spread of genital warts.

How to remove genital warts fast?

Treatment options like cryotherapy, electrocautery, and laser therapy can effectively remove genital warts, but the speed of removal depends on the severity of the condition.

Will my genital warts ever go away?

In some cases, genital warts may clear up on their own. However, treatment is often necessary to effectively manage the condition and prevent recurrence.

What do genital warts look like?

Genital warts typically appear as small, flesh-coloured or grey bumps in the genital area. They may be flat or raised and can occur in clusters.

What's the difference between genital warts and herpes?

Genital warts are caused by HPV, while genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). They have different symptoms and treatment approaches.

Does having a genital wart mean I have an STI?

Yes, genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain strains of HPV.

Can I get genital warts more than once?

Yes, it's possible to contract genital warts multiple times, especially if you engage in sexual activities with untreated partners.

Are genital warts cancer?

No, genital warts themselves are not cancerous. However, certain strains of HPV can increase the risk of developing cervical, anal, or other cancers.

Do warts spread by touch?

Yes, genital warts can spread through direct skin contact with an infected person or surfaces they’ve touched, as they are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).