HIV-1 RNA Quantitative Viral Load Test

This test measures the quantity of viral RNA present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

• To monitor and quantify HIV-1 viral RNA
• To assess treatment effectiveness for individuals who are already diagnosed with HIV infection
• To detect infection in infants born to HIV-positive mothers
• To monitor individuals with advanced or unstable HIV disease.

Your doctor may recommend this test if you

• have a history of unprotected sexual intercourse or intravenous drug use,
• have been diagnosed with AIDS or HIV,
• are receiving antiretroviral treatment,
• are pregnant and have a history of being infected with HIV, or
• have symptoms suggestive of HIV infection, such as fever, chills, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss and swollen lymph nodes.

High levels of HIV-1 RNA indicate an active infection in the central nervous system.

During the test, a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from your spine is collected using a spinal tap. The procedure involves inserting a needle into your spinal canal under local anaesthesia.

• Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking and about any specific requirements that you have.
• Avoid eating or drinking anything for at least 6 hours before the test
• Inform your doctor if you have any bleeding disorders or are taking blood-thinning medication.

• CD4 count: This test measures the number of CD4 cells in your blood, which helps evaluate your immune system's ability to fight infection.
• HIV antibody test: A blood test that detects antibodies produced in response to HIV infection.

CSF viral load or HIV-1 RNA assay

AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, which is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS is characterised by a severely weakened immune system that makes individuals more susceptible to infections, cancers, and other health problems.