AFB Smear Examination by ZN Stain – BAL / Other Respiratory Samples

This test measures the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory samples using a specialised staining technique called the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining technique.

This test is primarily done to • Diagnose TB infection in individuals with respiratory symptoms. • Monitor treatment progress and assess response to anti-TB medication. • Identify drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. • Screen individuals who have been in contact with TB patients. • Evaluate individuals with HIV/AIDS who are at higher risk for TB.

Your doctor may recommend this test if you • Have symptoms such as persistent cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. • Have been in close contact with someone diagnosed with TB. • Have a weakened immune system or a known risk factor for TB, such as HIV infection or recent travel to an area with a high TB prevalence.

An abnormal result showing the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the respiratory sample indicates a possible TB infection. However, the test alone cannot distinguish between active TB disease and latent TB infection. Further diagnostic tests, such as culture and molecular tests, are needed to confirm the diagnosis.

• You will be asked to provide a respiratory sample, such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or sputum. • The sample will be processed in the microbiology department using the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining technique.

Before the test: • Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking. • It is important to obtain the respiratory sample correctly. Follow the instructions provided by your doctor or lab technician on how to collect sputum or undergo bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Please reach out to your healthcare provider for any specific requirements.

Other tests that may be ordered alongside the AFB Smear Examination by ZN Stain – BAL / Other Respiratory Samples include: • Molecular tests, such as GeneXpert or PCR, for rapid and accurate detection of TB DNA • Mycobacterial culture to isolate and identify the specific strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Acid-Fast Bacillus Smear Examination by Ziehl-Neelsen Stain, AFB Stain

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It is a major global health concern, but it can be treated and cured with appropriate medications. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in controlling the spread of TB.