Routine Examination (Pericardial Fluid)

Pericardial fluid examination helps identify the reasons for inflammation of the pericardium and fluid accumulation around the heart. It assists in diagnosing various infections, cancers, or inflammatory conditions affecting the heart's protective membrane.

This test is done:

• To diagnose infections like bacterial, viral, or fungal pericarditis
• To detect cancers or tumors affecting the pericardium
• To identify inflammatory conditions like lupus affecting the heart
• To determine if the accumulation of fluid around the heart is due to a traumatic injury

This test is usually recommended when you have:

• Symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, or palpitations
• Known infections like tuberculosis that may have spread to the heart
• A history of cancer or autoimmune diseases like lupus
• Experienced a recent heart attack or injury impacting the pericardium

• Normal range: Clear and colorless fluid with no infection.
• Abnormal results may indicate infections, cancers like mesothelioma, tuberculosis, or autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

Abnormal results need further evaluation by a healthcare provider to determine appropriate treatment.

Before undergoing this test:

• 2 ml of pericardial fluid will be collected in a sterile container.

During the test:

• The collected fluid will be examined under a microscope to detect any abnormalities in cell count or presence of bacteria or cancer cells.

To prepare for this test:

• Ensure sterile collection of the fluid sample.
• Provide your medical history and clinical symptoms relevant to your heart health.
• Follow any specific instructions from your healthcare provider.

Additional tests may include:

• Echocardiogram: It uses sound waves to create images to check heart function.
• Cardiac Enzyme Tests: It measures enzymes like troponin released during a heart attack.
• Chest X-ray: It checks for any abnormalities in your heart or lungs that could be causing symptoms.

Pericardial Tap or Pericardiocentesis

Pericarditis is an inflammation of the thin sac-like membrane surrounding your heart called the pericardium. Symptoms may include chest pain, fever, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms.