CD4 Counts

This test measures the number of CD4+ T cells in your blood. CD4+ T cells are a type of white blood cell that helps your immune system fight off infections. A higher CD4 count indicates a healthier immune system, while a lower count may suggest immunosuppression or progression of HIV infection.

CD4 counts are mainly done to aid in the management of HIV patients. Other reasons for conducting this test include:

• Assessing the stage of HIV infection
• Monitoring the progression of HIV and the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy
• Identifying opportunistic infections or other complications related to HIV
• Determining the need for preventive treatments or vaccinations

A healthcare provider may recommend the CD4 counts test if you:

• Have been diagnosed with HIV infection
• Are living with HIV and require monitoring of your immune system status
• Experience symptoms suggestive of an opportunistic infection or other complications related to HIV
• Need to assess the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy

The normal range for the CD4 counts test varies depending on factors such as age, sex, and overall health. Generally, a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³ is considered an indication of severe immunosuppression and an increased risk of opportunistic infections. Abnormal results should be discussed with your healthcare provider for further evaluation and appropriate management.

During a CD4 count test:

• A healthcare professional will draw a small sample of your blood.
• The sample will be processed and analysed using flow cytometry, a laboratory technique that identifies and counts different types of cells in a blood sample.
• The test is quick and generally painless, similar to having blood drawn for other laboratory tests.

Before the test:

• No specific preparation is usually required.
• Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, as certain drugs can affect the CD4 counts test.
• Follow any instructions given by your healthcare provider regarding fasting or discontinuing certain medications.

Other tests that may be ordered alongside the CD4 counts test include:

• Viral load testing: Measures the amount of HIV in your blood and helps monitor the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy
• HIV antibody testing: Screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in your blood to confirm an HIV infection
• Resistance testing: Determines if the strain of HIV you have is resistant to certain antiretroviral drugs

• T-helper cell count
• CD4+ lymphocyte count
• T-cell subset analysis

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a viral infection that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4+ T cells. If left untreated, HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition characterised by severe immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to infections and certain cancers. Early diagnosis and proper management can help individuals with HIV lead healthy lives.